JAMA Clinical Reviews

Interstitial lung disease (ILD), characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the lungs, is associated with progressive dyspnea and results in approximately 25 000 to 30 000 deaths in the US each year. Toby M. Maher, MD, MSc, PhD, of Keck Medicine of USC, discusses the diagnosis and management of ILD with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD. Related Content:

Dislocated hips in newborns can lead to complex surgery, interruption to family life, and premature osteoarthritis. Daniel Perry, MBChb(Hons), PhD, of Alder Hey Children's Hospital, University of Liverpool, discusses the clinical diagnosis of dislocated hips in newborns with JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS. Related Content:

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can present at any age and is associated with immune-mediated damage to multiple organs and increased rates of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and disability. New treatments have been FDA approved. Caroline H. Siegel, MD, MS, discusses this and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD. Related Content:

Falls are common in adults older than 65 years and can cause substantial morbidity and mortality. JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, discusses risk assessment and prevention of falls in older adults with Karin E. Ouchida, MD, of Weill-Cornell Medical University, and author Cathleen Colon-Emeric, MD, of Duke University. Related Content:

Dry mouth, oral candidiasis, and recurrent aphthous ulcers are common oral conditions that may be associated with patient discomfort, decreased quality of life, and in some cases, morbidity. Author Eric T. Stoopler, DMD, of Penn Dental Medicine, discusses these 3 common oral conditions with JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS. Related Content:

Interview with James Stevermer, MD, MSPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

Arteriovenous access is required for hemodialysis. Charmaine Lok, MD, MSc, of the University of Toronto, discusses the role of primary care clinicians in the care of patients with arteriovenous access with JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS.

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In an earlier version of this podcast Dr Lok was discussing the naming convention of an AV access. As an example of a radiocephalic fistula she said, “a radial cephalic fistula would be connecting an arterial artery to cephalic vein.” She meant to say, “radial artery to cephalic vein.” 

Later, while discussing insertion of needles, Dr Lok said, “autogenous graft,” but meant to say “non-autogenous graft.” 

Allergic rhinitis affects an estimated 15% of the US population and is associated with impaired quality of life. JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, discusses current evidence regarding the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis with author Jonathan A. Bernstein, MD, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati. Related Content:

Systemic amyloidosis from transthyretin (ATTR) protein is increasingly recognized as an important cause of heart failure in older people. JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, discusses the diagnosis and treatment of ATTR protein cardiomyopathy with Frederick L. Ruberg, MD, of the Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine. Related Content:

What are the long-term outcomes of randomized clinical trials of bariatric surgery compared with medical/lifestyle management for patients with type 2 diabetes? JAMA Associate Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM, discusses a new study that examines this question and more with author Anita Courcoulas, MD, from the University of Pittsburgh. Related Content:

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is a sudden-onset tachyarrhythmia that can cause palpitations, chest discomfort, and dyspnea. JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, discusses the diagnosis and treatment of patients with PSVT with author Paul Zei, MD, of Harvard University. Related Content:

IgE-mediated food allergies can be life-threatening. JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, discusses prevention and management of severe food allergies with authors Onyinye I. Iweala, MD, PhD, and Yamini V. Virkud, MD, of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Related Content:

Mary McDermott, JAMA Deputy Editor, interviews leading climate scientists and authors Kristie L. Ebi, PhD, MPH, and Jeremy J. Hess, MD, MPH, about effects of climate change on human health and how these effects can be mitigated. Related Content:

About 1.2% of people in the United States will be diagnosed with thyroid cancer at some point during their lifetime. JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH, speaks with author Laura Boucai, MD, associate professor of Medicine at the Weill Cornell Medical College and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center about thyroid cancer. Related Content:

Interview with Tumaini Rucker Coker, MD, MBA, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Speech and Language Delay and Disorders in Children: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

The capabilities and risks of various types of artificial intelligence (AI) are markedly different. JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, interviews author Michael Howell, MD, MPH, chief clinical officer at Google, to discuss how AI has evolved and how to understand the problems and possibilities of each iteration. Related Content:

Age-related macular degeneration affects approximately 196 million people worldwide and is a leading cause of visual impairment. In this JAMA podcast, JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, interviews author Usha Chakravarthy, MD, PhD, Queen’s University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, about the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Related Content:

JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, JAMA Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD, and JAMA Deputy Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, highlight their selections of top JAMA 2023 Clinical Reviews podcasts. Related Content:

Perinatal mental health conditions are a leading cause of overall and preventable maternal mortality. JAMA Deputy Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS, discusses postpartum depression with author Tiffany A. Moore Simas, MD, MPH, MEd, chair of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Massachusetts. Related Content:

Most people will experience a painful foot or ankle condition at some point in their lives. JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, discusses diagnosis and treatment of Morton neuroma, plantar fasciitis, and Achilles tendinopathy with Minton Truitt Cooper, MD, of the University of Virginia, Charlottesville. Related Content:

The incidence of gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes in pregnancy is increasing and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Denice Feig, MD MSc, professor of medicine at the University of Toronto and Head of the Diabetes and Endocrine in Pregnancy Program at Mount Sinai Hospital, talks with JAMA Associate Editor Tracy A. Lieu, MD, MPH, about metformin for diabetes in pregnancy. Related Content:

Deaths during pregnancy and in the early postpartum period have increased in the US over the past several years, and approximately 80% of these deaths are considered preventable. JAMA Senior Editor Kristin L. Walter, MD, MS, speaks with Sadiya S. Khan, MD, MSc, from Northwestern University about the importance of monitoring and improving cardiovascular health during the postpartum period. Related Content:

Obesity affects approximately 42% of adults in the US. Multiple strategies are available to treat obesity, including behavior therapies, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and bariatric surgery. Therapies vary in effectiveness and risks. JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, discusses evidence-based obesity treatment with Melanie Jay, MD, MS, New York University Grossman School of Medicine. Related Content:

Critical bleeding is associated with a high mortality rate in patients with trauma. JAMA Associate Editor Christopher W. Seymour, MD, MSc, discuses the results of the CRYOSTAT-2 trial with Nicola Curry, MD, Oxford University Hospitals, and Ross Davenport, PhD, Centre for Trauma Sciences, UK. Related Content:

In July 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first oral contraceptive pill (Opill) that will be available without a prescription. JAMA Senior Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, spoke with JAMA Associate Editor Melissa A. Simon, MD, MPH, about the use, effectiveness, and potential side effects of Opill. Related Content:

Interview with John M. Ruiz, PhD, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening and Preventive Interventions for Oral Health in Children and Adolescents Aged 5 to 17 Years, and Screening and Preventive Interventions for Oral Health in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statements. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

Approximately 5% of all primary care visits are related to knee pain. Osteoarthritis (OA), patellofemoral pain syndrome, and meniscal tears are among the most common causes of knee pain. JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH, speaks with David Hunter, MD, PhD, from the University of Sydney, about common causes and first-line treatment of knee pain. Related Content:

Hyperthyroidism affects 2.5% of adults worldwide and, if untreated, is associated with osteoporosis, heart rhythm abnormalities, heart failure, and increased mortality. JAMA Associate Editor Anne Cappola, MD, speaks with Elizabeth N. Pearce, MD, MSc, of Boston University, about the most common causes, symptoms, and first-line treatments for hyperthyroidism. Related Content:

Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and postexposure prophylaxis have recently gotten attention as ways to prevent sexually transmitted infections. JAMA Deputy Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ, discusses postexposure prophylaxis using doxycycline (doxyPEP), with Kenneth H. Mayer, MD, professor of medicine and global health at Harvard and medical research director at Fenway Health in Boston. Related Content:

Vasomotor symptoms are common during menopause and may have substantial negative effects on quality of life. JAMA Senior Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS, discusses nonhormonal therapies for menopausal vasomotor symptoms with Susan D. Reed, MD, MPH, MS, professor emeritus at the University of Washington and president and CEO of The North American Menopause Society. Related Content:

Approximately 500 000 adults in the US have survived childhood cancer. JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, speaks with Smita Bhatia, MD, MPH, University of Alabama, about common medical problems that occur in adults who have survived a childhood cancer and optimal approaches to medical care for these patients. Related Content:

Interview with Esa M. Davis, MD, MPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Final Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the colon. Individuals with UC have a lower life expectancy and are at increased risk for colectomy and colorectal cancer. However, many new treatments are available. JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH, speaks to Gilaad Kaplan, MD, MPH, University of Calgary, about the latest information related to this condition. Related Content:

There are long-term cardiometabolic health risks for individuals with pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes. JAMA Senior Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS, discusses these risks with Kartik K. Venkatesh, MD, PhD, high-risk pregnancy specialist at The Ohio State University. Related Content:

Interview with John B. Wong, MD, USPSTF member and coauthor of Preexposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Acquisition of HIV: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

Each year approximately 100 000 people in the US are treated for cervical precancer, and about 4000 individuals die from cervical cancer. JAMA Senior Editor Melissa Simon, MD, MPH, and Rebecca B. Perkins, MD, MSc, Boston University School of Medicine, discuss the importance of HPV screening, genotyping and cytology testing, and HPV vaccination. Related Content:

In this interview, dementia expert Gil D. Rabinovici, MD, discusses monoclonal antibodies that target beta-amyloid–-including a recent phase 3 trial of donanemab published in JAMA-–and reviews considerations for their use in patients with Alzheimer disease. Related Content:

Interview with Katrina E. Donahue, MD, MPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS, discusses the latest European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) Guidelines on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, which were released in June 2023, with Derek C. Angus, MD, MPH, University of Pittsburgh. Related Content:

Interview with Li Li, MD, PhD, MPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

The incidence of Cushing syndrome due to endogenous overproduction of cortisol is 2 to 8 people per million annually. JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, discusses diagnosis, management, and treatment of this condition with authors Martin Reincke, MD, from University of Munich, and Maria Fleseriu, MD, from Oregon Health and Science University. Related Content:

The 2021 US maternal mortality rate is more than 10 times the rate of other high-income countries, according to a March 2023 CDC report. In this Q&A, JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, is joined by Monica McLemore, PhD, MPH, RN, University of Washington, Audra Meadows, MD, MPH, UC San Diego, and Joia Crear-Perry, MD, founder and president of the National Birth Equity Collaborative, to discuss these concerning numbers and why preventable death rates are worsening in the US. Related Content:

Interview with Michael Silverstein, MD, MPH, USPSTF chair and coauthor of Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults, and Screening for Anxiety Disorders in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statements. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

JAMA Senior Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, speaks with Fernando Zampieri, MD, PhD, assistant professor in the Department of Critical Care Medicine at the University of Alberta in Alberta, Canada, about fluid therapy in critically ill adults with sepsis. Related Content:

Transgender and gender diverse persons may desire gender-affirming medical and surgical treatment that can mitigate psychologic distress and reduce suicide risk. JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS, speaks with Andrew M. Davis, MD, MPH, University of Chicago, and Tonia Poteat, PhD, PA-C, MPH, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, about the Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8 guidelines. Related Content:

Cirrhosis affects approximately 2.2 million adults in the US, and the annual age-adjusted mortality of cirrhosis has increased from 2010 to 2021. JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH, and Elliot B. Tapper, MD, from the University of Michigan, discuss the diagnostic workup and evidence-based therapies for cirrhosis. Related Content:

Interview with Gbenga Ogedegbe, MD, MPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

Interview with Katrina E. Donahue, MD, MPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Skin Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

One in 3 adults in the US has prediabetes. JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, interviews Samuel Dagogo-Jack, MD, who is the chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism at the University of Tennessee, about the diagnosis, screening, complications, lifestyle interventions, and medications for prediabetes. Related Content:

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) affects more than 200 000 people and is associated with >4000 deaths in the US annually. Many people have asymptomatic disease and can be monitored without treatment for long periods. In this podcast, author Mazyar Shadman, MD, MPH, from the University of Washington, Seattle, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, in a discussion about diagnosis and management of CLL. Related Content:

Approximately 3 million people in the US have heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). JAMA Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD, discusses diagnosis and treatment of HFpEF with authors Margaret Redfield, MD, and Barry Borlaug, MD, both from Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Division of Cardiovascular Diseases. Related Content:

More than 2 million individuals in the US are chronically infected with hepatitis C, and nearly 15 000 die every year. Antivirals are available but are not reaching the majority of infected individuals. In this Q&A, JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, and Francis S. Collins, MD, PhD, discuss a plan to eliminate hepatitis C included in the Biden-Harris 2024 budget proposal. Related Content:

In January 2023, the US Organ Procurement & Transplantation Network (OPTN) required transplant centers to modify transplant list wait times for Black patients. JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, and L. Ebony Boulware, MD, MPH, Dinushika Mohottige, MD, MPH, and Tanjala S. Purnell, PhD, MPH, discuss why the OPTN mandate is a valuable model for reforming race-based practices. Related Content:

Malignant primary brain tumors cause more than 15 000 deaths annually in the US. JAMA Fishbein Fellow Revital Marcus, MD, interviews Ingo Mellinghoff, MD, PhD, neuro-oncologist and chair of the department of neurology at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, about the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of various primary malignant brain tumors in adults. Related Content:

During the transition to menopause, approximately 50%-75% of individuals experience vasomotor or genitourinary symptoms. JAMA Senior Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, and Carolyn Crandall MD, MS, of the University of California, Los Angeles, discuss hormonal and nonhormonal therapy for treatment of menopausal symptoms. Related Content:

Interview with Vanessa Northington Gamble, MD, PhD, author of Dr Herman A. Barnett, Black Civil Rights Activists, and the Desegregation of The University of Texas Medical Branch in 1949: “We Ought to Go in Texas and I Don’t Mean to a Segregated Medical School.” Hosted by Robert Steinbrook, MD, and Raegan W. Durant, MD, MPH. Related Content:

Deverick John Anderson, MD, MPH, professor of medicine at Duke University and director of the Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, discusses the evidence and appropriate strategies used in the prevention of surgical site infections with JAMA Associate Editor Anthony Charles, MD, MPH. Related Content:

Anxiety disorders affect approximately a third of adults during their lifetime in the US and are associated with significant distress and impairment. JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, discusses diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders with Naomi M. Simon, MD, MSc, professor of the Department of Psychiatry at NYU Grossman School of Medicine.

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Bacterial meningitis is a worldwide health problem causing approximately 300 000 deaths annually. In this podcast, JAMA Fishbein Fellow Revital Marcus, MD, speaks with Rodrigo Hasbun, MD, MPH, infectious disease specialist and professor of medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, about the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of bacterial meningitis. Related Content:

Rajesh T. Gandhi, MD, director of Harvard University’s Center for AIDS Research, talks about recent advances in the treatment and prevention of HIV and discusses HIV in the context of COVID-19 and monkeypox infections. Hosted by JAMA Deputy Editor and Editorial Director for Equity Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ. Related Content:

Phenome-wide association studies use large data sets to search for phenotypes associated with specific single-nucleotide variants, investigating whether specific genetic variations may be associated with multiple conditions and traits. In this podcast, JAMA Fishbein Fellow Revital Marcus, MD, discusses phenome-wide association studies with Dan M. Roden, MD, professor of medicine, pharmacology, and biomedical informatics at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, and Joshua C. Denny, MD, MS, chief executive officer of the National Institutes of Health's All of Us Research Program. Related Content:

JAMA Interim Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD, interviews Robert M. Carey, MD, University of Virginia, about his review article on treatment of hypertension in the November 8, 2022, issue of JAMA. Their discussion addresses the clinical consequences of hypertension, as well as nonpharmacological and pharmacological approaches to management, including patients with resistant hypertension. Related Content:

JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS, discusses medication abortion as an alternative to a procedural abortion to terminate a pregnancy in an interview with Stephanie Teal, MD, MPH, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, and Rebecca Cohen, MD, OB/GYN, University of Colorado.

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Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Cohen serves as an unpaid board member for Cobalt, a reproductive rights advocacy group. No other disclosures were reported.

An estimated 45% of accredited US obstetrics and gynecology residency programs are located in states that currently ban or severely restrict abortions. JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, and JAMA Internal Medicine Deputy Editor Deborah Grady, MD, speak with medical students, program directors, and other specialists in the ob-gyn training community about new restrictions and their effects on ob-gyn education in the US. Related Content:

Conflict of Interest Disclosures:

Hannah Nguyen reported that she held leadership positions on Boston University’s School of Medicine chapters of SPA-1 and DREAM. Margaux Zimmerman reported that she held leadership positions on Boston University’s, School of Medicine chapters of ACOG and DREAM. Dr Gariepy reported that she was the Yale Complex Family Planning fellowship director from 2018 to March 2022, for which she received salary support from her institution; taught undergraduate and medical students, ob-gyn residents, and Complex Family Planning fellows; and is a research mentor for Complex Family Planning fellows who received research grants from the Society of Family Planning Research Fund. Dr Gariepy also reported leadership positions on the board of directors for the Society of Family Planning and the Complex Family Planning Fellowship Council and membership with Physicians for Reproductive Health, the National Abortion Federation, and the Society of Family Planning. Dr Steinauer is a member of the Society of Family Planning. Dr Loder reported that she serves as a principal investigator for contraceptive clinical trials for Merck and Sebela Pharmaceuticals Inc, consults for American Medical Students Association, and serves as program director for Complex Family Planning Fellowship, University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine. No other disclosures were reported.

Michele Bratcher Goodwin, JD (Center for Biotechnology and Global Health Policy, University of California, Irvine), Molly Meegan, JD (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists), and Lisa Harris, MD, PhD (University of Michigan) discuss how new abortion bans in the US are creating serious legal and ethical dilemmas for clinicians. Hosted by JAMA Legal and Global Health Correspondent Lawrence O. Gostin, JD (Georgetown University). Related Content:

Conflict of Interest Disclosures:

Lawrence O. Gostin, JD, is the Legal and Global Health Correspondent for JAMA and Faculty Director of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law at Georgetown University.  No other disclosures were reported.

Michele Bratcher Goodwin, JD, LLM, SJD is Director of the Center for Biotechnology and Global Health Policy at University of California, Irvine.  No other disclosures were reported.  Lisa Harris, MD, PhD, is the F. Wallace and Janet Jeffries Collegiate Professor of Reproductive Health, and Professor and Associate Chair in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at University of Michigan. She is also a Professor in the Department of Women’s Studies.  No other disclosures reported.  Molly Meegan is the Chief Legal Officer and General Counsel for the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).  No other disclosures reported.

Hypercalcemia affects approximately 1% of the population. Its presence typically indicates an underlying disorder and requires diagnostic evaluation. In this podcast, JAMA Associate Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM, interviews Elizabeth Shane, MD, an endocrinologist and professor of medicine at Columbia University Medical Center, about the clinical approach to diagnosing and managing hypercalcemia. Related Content:

In the US, pulmonary embolism (PE) affects approximately 370 000 patients annually and is estimated to cause 60 000 to 100 000 deaths per year. In this podcast, JAMA Senior Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, discusses the clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies, and treatment of PE with Yonathan Freund, MD, PhD, professor of emergency medicine at Sorbonne University in Paris, France.

Related Article(s):

Hyponatremia affects approximately 5% of adults and approximately 35% of hospitalized patients. Even mild hyponatremia can be associated with cognitive impairment; in hospitalized patients, hyponatremia is associated with longer hospital stays and increased mortality. In this podcast, JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, interviews Nicolaos E. Madias, MD, a nephrologist and professor of medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine, about the clinical approach to diagnosing hyponatremia and management of both acute and chronic hyponatremia.

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Diagnosis and Management of Hyponatremia

Myelodysplastic neoplasms, or myelodysplastic syndromes, are diagnosed in approximately 4 of 100 000 people each year in the US and are associated with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 37%. In this JAMA podcast and author interview, JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, discusses the diagnosis and treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes with Mikkael A. Sekeres, MD, MS, chief of hematology and professor of medicine of the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes

JAMA Associate Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ, discusses testing, treatment, and prevention of monkeypox infection and the current state of the 2022 outbreak with Carlos del Rio, MD, from Emory University’s Department of Medicine. Recorded August 19, 2022. Related Content:

JAMA Associate Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ, discusses the transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of monkeypox and the 2022 outbreak with Jeannette Guarner, MD, and Carlos del Rio, MD, both of the Division of Infectious Diseases at Emory University’s School of Medicine. Recorded July 11, 2022. Related Content:

Barrett esophagus affects approximately 5% of people in the US and approximately 1% worldwide; it's associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, interviews Prateek Sharma, MD, a gastroenterologist and professor of medicine at University of Kansas School of Medicine, about the diagnosis, surveillance, and available therapy for patients affected by Barrett esophagus.

Related Article(s):

Malaria is diagnosed in approximately 2000 people in the US each year. Delay in diagnosis or inappropriate treatment of malaria is associated with increased mortality. In this podcast, JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, interviews Johanna P. Daily, MD, MS, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, an infectious disease expert and scientist studying malaria, on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of malaria in the US. Related Content:

Pregnancy inherently increases the risk of death, but certain conditions during pregnancy are considered life-threatening. In this podcast, JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, discusses with maternal-fetal medicine specialists William A. Grobman, MD, The Ohio State University, and Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman, MD, MS, University of California, San Diego, the categories of life-threatening conditions, as well as the racial and ethnic disparities associated with pregnancy-associated mortality.

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In the US, approximately 100 000 people have sickle cell disease, a chronic condition characterized by hemolytic anemia, acute and chronic pain, increased rates of stroke and nephropathy, and an average lifespan that is 20 years less than that of the general population. In this podcast, JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McDermott, MD, interviews review article author Patricia Kavanaugh, MD, on the diagnosis and management of sickle cell disease. Discussion includes a summary of 3 new therapies for sickle cell disease and some of the social, structural, and cultural challenges encountered by patients with sickle cell disease.

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Sickle Cell Disease

In July 2022, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, took on a new role as the 17th editor in chief of JAMA and the JAMA Network. In conversation with Nobel laureate Harold Varmus, MD, Bibbins-Domingo discusses her research background, approaches to leadership in health care, and the critical role that journals play in communication about public health and science. Related Content:

Carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger finger are common hand conditions in primary care practice that are associated with pain and disability. In this JAMA podcast, JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, and Kelly Currie, MD, assistant professor in the Washington University Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery in St Louis, Missouri, discuss the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions and other hand problems that are commonly encountered in primary care.

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Common Hand Conditions

Patient Information: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

JAMA Associate Editor Ethan Basch, MD, and Melanie Calvert, PhD, from the University of Birmingham, UK, discuss barriers to and strategies for including rigorous patient-reported outcomes in clinical trials, and reflect on Dr Calvert’s recent JAMA paper on related ethical implications.

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Ethical Considerations for the Inclusion of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Clinical Research

JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS, from University of California San Diego, discusses the implications of self-monitoring of blood pressure in higher-risk pregnancies with Richard J. McManus, MBBS, PhD, from University of Oxford, UK, and Lucy C. Chappell, MB BChir, PhD, from King's College London.

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Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common cause of low back pain and disability in older people. Both nonoperative and operative therapies can improve symptoms from spinal stenosis. In this podcast, Jeffrey Katz, MD, MSc, from Harvard Medical School joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, to discuss current evidence regarding diagnosis and optimal treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis, including when to consider invasive therapies for patients with symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis.

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Diagnosis and Management of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

After certain adverse pregnancy outcomes, an individual’s risk for cardiovascular and other diseases increases. JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, discusses these complications as indicators of future health problems, who is at risk, and what can be done to improve health for at-risk individuals and populations with Lynn M. Yee, MD, MPH, and JAMA Senior Editor Philip Greenland, MD, from Northwestern University, and Eliza C. Miller, MD, MS, from Columbia University.

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare condition that requires a thorough workup to evaluate for potential causes and right heart catheterization for definitive diagnosis and decision-making about treatment options. JAMA Associate Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, discusses the recent JAMA review article titled “Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment” with one of the authors, Nicole Ruopp, MD, assistant professor of medicine at Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine.

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Epilepsy affects approximately 65 million people worldwide and is associated with increased rates of bodily injuries and mortality when not optimally treated. The primary goal of epilepsy treatment is to eliminate seizures while minimizing adverse effects of antiseizure drugs. JAMA Senior Editor Christopher Muth, MD, and Professor of Clinical Neurology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Andres Kanner, MD, discuss establishing a diagnosis of epilepsy and the use of antiseizure medications for adult patients with epilepsy.

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More than 200 000 individuals in the US develop acute cholecystitis annually. The majority of these cases are caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct. However, about 5% to 10% of people with acute cholecystitis have acalculous cholecystitis. JAMA Associate Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, discusses the recent JAMA article “Acute Cholecystitis: A Review” with one of the authors, JAMA Associate Editor Anthony Charles, MD, MPH, who is Chief of the Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery, Director of the ECMO program, and Director of Global Surgery at University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill.

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Acute Cholecystitis

Treatment strategies for acute ischemic stroke are continuing to evolve. JAMA Associate Editor and vascular neurologist Jeffrey Saver, MD, from the University of California Los Angeles, and JAMA Senior Editor Christopher Muth, MD, discuss 2 articles recently published in JAMA about alteplase in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and provide a broader overview of the recent advances and future directions for the use of thrombolytics and endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.Treatment strategies for acute ischemic stroke are continuing to evolve. JAMA Associate Editor and vascular neurologist Jeffrey Saver, MD, from the University of California Los Angeles, and JAMA Senior Editor Christopher Muth, MD, discuss 2 articles recently published in JAMA about alteplase in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, and provide a broader overview of the recent advances and future directions for the use of thrombolytics and endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.

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Association of Recent Use of Non–Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants With Intracranial Hemorrhage Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated With Alteplase

Pregnant and recently pregnant individuals who become infected with the COVID-19 virus are at high risk of requiring extra medical care. JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS, from University of California San Diego discusses the rapidly evolving data around COVID-19 and vaccine effectiveness and safety as it relates to pregnancy, breastfeeding, and fertility with 3 experts in the field: Laura E. Riley, MD, from Weill Cornell Medicine, Christina Chambers, PhD, MPH, from University of California San Diego School of Medicine-Pediatrics, and Denise Jamieson, MD, MPH, from Emory University.

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Conflict of Interest Disclosures:

Dr Chambers reported receiving research funding from Pfizer-BioNTech to study the safety of its COVID-19 vaccine in pregnancy.

Dr Jamieson reported no disclosures.

Dr Riley reported receiving compensation from UpToDate for work on several infections disease cards, receiving royalties from Turner Publishing, and serving on an advisory board for Maven. Dr Riley also reported serving on a CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices workgroup on COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine safety and workgroups for the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine of COVID-19 vaccination, without compensation.

Acute coronary syndromes are characterized by a sudden reduction in blood supply to the heart, and the syndromes include ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (or STEMI), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (or NSTEMI), and unstable angina. Each year, an estimated more than 7 million people in the world are diagnosed with acute coronary syndromes, including more than 1 million people hospitalized in the US. In this podcast with Deepak L. Bhatt, MD, MPH, of Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart and Vascular Institute, we bring our listeners up-to-date on these common and potentially serious conditions.

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Tobacco smoking is responsible for more deaths in the US each year than any other preventable cause of mortality. Approximately 14% of US adults smoke cigarettes, of whom an estimated 70% want to quit smoking. JAMA Associate Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, discusses the recent JAMA article titled “Treatment of Smoking Cessation—A Review” with one of the authors, Nancy Rigotti, MD, who is director of the Tobacco Research and Treatment Center at Massachusetts General Hospital and is a professor at Harvard Medical School.

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Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy characterized by abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow, with potential uncontrolled growth causing destructive bone lesions, kidney injury, anemia, and hypercalcemia. Edward Libby, MD, of the University of Washington, joins JAMA Associate Editor Ethan Basch, MD, of the University of North Carolina, for a discussion of the diagnosis, complications, and management of myeloma, as well as the related conditions of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering myeloma.

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Approximately 1 in 5 adults in the US had a sexually transmitted infection in 2018. Khalil Ghanem, MD, PhD, of Johns Hopkins University joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McDermott, MD, to discuss the newest recommendations regarding the diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections, including gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and trichomoniasis.

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Pulmonary nodules are commonly found on lung imaging studies. Evaluation and management depends on the size and other characteristics of pulmonary nodules and patient risk factors for malignancy. JAMA Associate Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, discusses the recent JAMA article “Evaluating the Patient With a Pulmonary Nodule: A Review” with one of the authors, Peter Mazzone, MD, MPH, a pulmonologist and director of the Lung Cancer Program for the Respiratory Institute at the Cleveland Clinic.

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The last few years have seen a tremendous increase in the conduct of platform clinical trials, a type of randomized clinical trial that can simultaneously evaluate the effects of multiple interventions, often in combination, with the available treatments changing over time as more is learned about their effectiveness. Jay J.H. Park, PhD, and Edward J. Mills, PhD, from the University of British Columbia and McMaster University, respectively, join JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD, to discuss how clinicians should evaluate the results of platform clinical trials when considering incorporating the results into their clinical practice.

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Approximately 87% of US women will use contraception during their lifetime. Stephanie Teal, MD, MPH, from University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, and JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS, from University of California San Diego, discuss factors to consider during contraception selection, balancing highest effectiveness and lowest risks.

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Nearly all pregnant individuals use at least 1 medication, either prescribed or over-the-counter, during their pregnancy. Denise Jamieson, MD, MPH, professor and chair of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, joins JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS, to discuss the current FDA system and other resources for communicating medication safety data to clinicians.

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Appendectomy remains the first-line therapy for acute appendicitis, but treatment with antibiotics rather than surgery is appropriate in selected patients with uncomplicated appendicitis. JAMA Associate Editor Anthony Charles, MD, MPH, from UNC School of Medicine summarizes this and other aspects of acute appendicitis in adults along with author Theodore N. Pappas, MD, from Duke University Medical Center.

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Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin disorders seen in the outpatient clinic setting. Lawrence F. Eichenfield, MD, of the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, joins JAMA Dermatology Web/Associate Editor Adewole S. Adamson, MD, MPP, to discuss the latest developments in the evaluation and management of acne vulgaris and answer common questions related to acne subtyping, treatment selection, medication side effects, and diet.

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Iron deficiency anemia can be caused by either decreased iron availability or increased iron requirements after blood loss from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Nabil M. Abou Baker, MD, and Andrew M. Davis, MD, MPH, both of the University of Chicago, join JAMA Deputy Editor Michael Berkwits, MD, MSCE, to discuss the evaluation of iron deficiency anemia and 2020 AGA recommendations for the workup of GI causes, including revised thresholds for ferritin values and the use of upper and lower (bidirectional) endoscopy.

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Romina Brignardello-Petersen, DDS, PhD, and Gordon Guyatt, MD, of McMaster University talk with JAMA Executive Deputy Editor Robert Golub, MD, about how to interpret clinical practice guidelines and recommendations, the subject of a recent Users’ Guides to the Medical Literature article in JAMA.

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Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) causes premature menopause in younger women and is associated with reduced quality of life and cardiovascular, neurologic, and skeletal morbidity and mortality. Ekta Kapoor, MBBS, Associate Professor of Medicine and Assistant Director, Mayo Clinic Center for Women’s Health, joins JAMA Editor Carolyn Crandall, MD, MS, from UCLA Health, to discuss care and treatment of women with early surgical menopause.

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