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World-renowned sports scientist Professor Ross Tucker and veteran sports journalist Mike Finch break down the myths, practices and controversies from the world of sport. From athletics to rugby, soccer, cycling and more, the two delve into the most recent research, unearth lessons from the pros and host exclusive interviews with some of the world's leading sporting experts. For those who love sport. Get bonus content on Patreon
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- 155 - The Science of Weight Training
The team is joined by Professor Stuart Phillips from the Department of Kinesiology at McMaster University and one of the leading experts on resistance training. Phillips is the Director of the Physical Activity Centre of Excellence (PACE), the McMaster Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Health Research and Lab Lead for the Exercise Metabolism Research Group. In this episode Phillips explains the amazing benefits of weight training, why even a little can reap big benefits for everyone and what sort of training suits best depending on your age, sport and goals.
SHOW NOTES:
Join us on Patreon for more content including access to our Science of Sport Discourse platform, and join the conversation!
Follow our guestProf Stuart Phillips on X
Stuart's recent paper on the coming of age of resistance training as a primary form of exercise for health
A previous article on Stuart's resistance training research from his university
A few of the specific papers on strength training that were discussed on the show:
Resistance exercise load does not determine training-mediated hypertrophic gains in young menTraining for strength and hypertrophy: an evidence-based approachLow-load high volume resistance exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis more than high-load low volume resistance exercise in young menEffects of once- versus twice-weekly eccentric resistance training on muscular function and structure in older adults: a randomised controlled trialInstagram handle for Avery Faigenbaum, Professor of Pediatric Exercise Science, who Stuart mentioned as a good source of information
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Mon, 06 May 2024 - 1h 29min - 154 - DISCOURSE: China's Swimming Doping Controversy / Marathon Season Latest / Should Olympic Medallists Get Prize Money?
A wrap-up of the best stories on our Discourse channel: Spring marathon season: The top performers / Should Eliud Kipchoge go to the Paris Olympics? / Why track and field athletes are earning prize money in Paris for the first time / Is the UCI doing enough to ensure the safety of pro cyclists? / China's doping controversy sparks division in the anti-doping world.
SHOW NOTES:
The Guardian story on prize money in athletics at the Paris Olympics
WADA statement on the case of the 23 swimmers
Travis Tygart from USADA releases a statement about WADA statement
WADA statement following comments by Tygart
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Wed, 24 Apr 2024 - 1h 31min - 153 - INTERVIEW: How to Fuel For Maximum Endurance Performance
Building on from our previous discussions on optimal fuelling for endurance exercise, in this episode we go deep into the details of why carbohydrates are the rocket fuel for our bodies, and how we can take advantage of metabolic agility and different fuel strategies to unlock performance gains. To do this, we are joined by Dr Jamie Whitfield, a postdoctoral researcher in exercise nutrition and an expert in muscle physiology and metabolism. We explore how your body ‘chooses’ whether to burn fats or carbs as fuel and which carbs it prioritizes as we change our intensity and diet. We discuss whether fasting or feasting before exercise is beneficial, and we learn whether ketogenic diets hinder or enhance exercise performance.
SHOW NOTES:
Jamie’s X account: @jwhitfie
The article by Jamie and a former guest, Prof Louise Burke, responding to Prof Tim Noakes on Keto diets and performance. The entire point-counterpoint is available at the link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38485731/
A research study that Jamie referred to that looked at how ingesting carbohydrates at different rates affected total carbohydrate use during exercise: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00421-022-05019-w
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Fri, 19 Apr 2024 - 1h 19min - 152 - Safety vs Spectacle: Rugby at a Crossroads
In this special episode we join an exclusive panel discussion - in partnership with World Rugby - to debate the future of the sport as it battles to find a balance between the welfare and safety of players and the enjoyment of the game by both participants and spectators. On the panel is Dr Eanna Falvey, World Rugby’s Chief Medical Officer, and former British & Irish Lions Team Doctor; Kate Zachary, the experienced American women's captain and veteran of two World Cups; Ugo Monye, an English rugby pundit/commentator and former rugby union player who played 14 times for England, 241 times for his only club Harlequins and played twice for the British & Irish Lions on their 2009 tour to South Africa; English Test player Sarah Bern, who was shortlisted for World Rugby’s Women’s Player of the Year award in 2019 and our very own co-host Prof Ross Tucker, who is also a Research Consultant and Independent Scientist with World Rugby.
SHOW NOTES:
The videos from the entire Welfare Week, not just those preceding this session, will be available on the World Rugby site soon. They're not out just yet, unfortunately, but check back here in the next few days for the specific links.
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Wed, 10 Apr 2024 - 1h 04min - 151 - Rugby's Radical Law Change Proposals / The IOC And Their Controversial Trangender Policy
It's one of the hottest topics on our Discourse channel but can World Rugby's new law proposasl preserve the spectacle of the game while still ensuring player safety? The team dig into some of the changes being trialled and proposals for more changes.
Plus ultra runners Camille Herron - who broke six world endurance running records on her way to a new women's six-day record - and Jasmin Paris - who became the first female to finish the legendary Barkley Marathon - have raised the question of how women compare to men in endurance sport. Is the gap closing?
Pluswhy did a group of 26 independent scientists (including Ross) publish a paper to refute the IOC's framework and academic paper on transgender athletes?
Support our work on PatreonHEREat and get free access to our Discourse channelHERE
SHOW NOTES:
Rugby rule changes on our Discourse group.
https://scienceofsportpodcast.discourse.group/t/world-rugby-new-plans-for-the-game/1197/4
Reassessing the use of the TMO in rugby
Women's Ultrarunning
Discourse discussionon the Barkley marathon
Sean Ingle's article on Jasmin Paris' Barkley success
Transgender Paper
The academic paper refuting the IOC's Framework and scientific argument
Our Discourse discussion on the paper and the issues
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Sat, 30 Mar 2024 - 1h 43min - 150 - How Maddie Won The Zwift Academy
Never-say-die Maddie le Roux may have been forced to give up her dream of becoming a professional cyclist until the Zwift Academy changed her life and her career. Here's how hard work and pure determination helped this bubbly 27-year-old turn a dream into a reality.
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Fri, 22 Mar 2024 - 1h 39min - 149 - Can We Trust Sport Science Research?
Is the field of sports science facing a credibility crisis? According to guest Dr Joe Warne, key instigator of the Sports Science Replication Centre at the Technological University in Dublin, most of the research done in the field is unreliable. So what is the true picture, how can studies be done better, what role do journals play in ensuring better standards and how do consumers discern the good from the bad?
Show notes:
Our Patreon page, where you can sign up for access to the Discourse and other benefitsThe Discourse discussion, for all the post podcast discussions, insights into sports science, and even training and injury prevention advice. For Patrons only!Joe Warne's original post on Discourse that inspired this episode (Patron only)Simona Halep is cleared to play. We'll wait for the full CAS Decision for more discussion of this decision, but if you want to read the previous decision that led to the four year ban, it's at this linkFor Patrons, via Discourse, more discussion about Halep's ban and clearing can be found hereArticle on the cycling race in Spain that saw 130 riders out of 182 not finish, and anti-doping had shown up. The degree to which the two are linked remains unclear, as discussedJoe Warne's Sports Science Replication Center websiteOne example of a paper that Warne's group has had published on this issue Get bonus content on PatreonHosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Wed, 13 Mar 2024 - 1h 43min - 148 - VO2Max: Why It May Be Your Most Important Training Metric
Knowing how to measure and train close to your VO2Max may lead to big performance gains. But what is VO2Max and what's the best way to use it? We also discuss the latest developments around rugby's smart mouthguard and the announcement by World Athletics that they are trialling a new way of measuring the long jump which involves a take-off zone rather than a take-off mark. And no, it's not an April Fools joke!
SHOW NOTES
The New Science of Sport Discourse - a Patron exclusive, a community that we aspire to make the most well-informed forum on sports science in the world: https://scienceofsportpodcast.discourse.group/. Log in with your patron details
Become a Patron of The Science of Sport to get access to the community: https://www.patreon.com/thescienceofsport
Article on that RED-S policy, including athlete interviews
The Long Jump article re changing of the laws
The BBC article on the mouthguards in rugby. Full of holes and errors, a bit of misunderstanding, and some outright dishonesty, which we tried to explain and address in the show
A morelay explanation of the 2 hour marathon, again discussing how close to max elites can run
Paper on how different durations of interval training affect Power, HR and RPE,which may be useful to guide your choice of interval session structure
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Fri, 01 Mar 2024 - 1h 34min - 147 - Make Your Own Sports Drink / Smart Mouthguards in Rugby / Do We Need On-Field Match Officials in Sport?
Can you make your own sports drink and what would be the right mix? Here's what to look for. The team also tackles (see what we did there!) the use of smart mouthguards in rugby, whether trail star Stian Angermund was really guilty of doping, why parkrun has removed some of its records from its website and if the controversial Enhanced Games has any chance of succeeding.
SHOW NOTES
Stian Angermund Doping Case
Also the Quartz WADA crossover
James Magnussen and the enhanced games
Parkrun removes records
https://www.parkrun.com/blog/news/2024/02/08/changes-to-statistics-on-the-parkrun-websites/
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Fri, 23 Feb 2024 - 1h 35min - 146 - The Sporting Diet: How To Eat, Fuel And Thrive
The team are joined by renowned sports dietician, Australian Louise Burke, to discuss everything from keto and fasting to the latest guidelines in fueling and nutrition in sport. Burke has spent over 40 years working in the field of sports nutrition and is an academic and author. She was the head of sports nutrition at the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) throughout its existence from 1990 to 2018 and in 2018 was appointed Chief of AIS Nutrition Strategy. Since 2014, she holds the chair in sports nutrition in the Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University.
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Thu, 15 Feb 2024 - 2h 03min - 145 - DISCOURSE: Enhanced Games: Hype Or Reality? / 15-Year-old's Doping Saga / Is Rugby Too Dangerous For U18s?
Welcome to the Science of Sport Discourse. A monthly wrap of all the stories doing the rounds on our Patreon and newly-launched Discourse channel. Want to be part of the discussion? Become a supporter of the Science of Sport Podcast on Patreon HERE and get free access to our exclusive Discourse channel moderated by Gareth Davies.
SHOW NOTES
The New Science of Sport Discourse - a Patron exclusive, A community that we aspire to make the most well-informed forum on sports science in the world: https://scienceofsportpodcast.discourse.group/. Log in with your Patron details.
Become a Patron of The Science of Sport HERE
The Valieva doping story - now banned for four years. Sean Ingle wrote the story that summarises the case HERE
After we discussed the case on the show, the full decision was published, which revealed that Valieva’s team had blamed a contaminated strawberry cake for the test. We’ll touch on this in our next show. READ MORE
The documentary about rugby’s referees at the 2023 Rugby World Cup. Well worth a watch.
Track and field will soon join the docuseries trend
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Thu, 08 Feb 2024 - 1h 19min - 144 - INTERVIEW: Inside The World Of A Pro Mountain Biker
Swiss rider Marcel Guerrini is at the top of the pile when it comes to the world's best XC mountain bikers. The team take a look into his world to talk about sacrifice, training, race tactics and pacing. Guerrini is a regular top-five finisher at World Cups and is aiming to qualify for the Olympics in 2024... not an easy task when you come from the strongest mountain biking nation in the world.
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Fri, 02 Feb 2024 - 1h 06min - 143 - Hello 2024 News Wrap: Another World Running Record / UCI Rules on Brake Levers / Crazy VO2 Numbers / Cold Weather & Concussion
To kick off Season 6 we wrap up some of the latest news from the world of sports science including the craziness of world running records, UCI bans on in-turned brake levers, one athlete's crazy high VO2 Max numbers and why cold weather may increase the risk of concussion in contact sports.
SHOW NOTES
Letsrun article on the 10km WR of Agnes Ngetich
Article on the UCI’s clampdown on inturned brake levers
More detailed discussion of the implications of the UCI policy
The analysis showing that concussion risk in the NFL may be higher on cold days
Podcast that mentions Coco Pops as a pre-exercise ‘meal’ (don’t overdo this advice!), part of Ross’ tongue-in-cheek New Year’s resolutions (full episode is subscriber only)
Article by Stuart Philips, a future guest of the pod, on the benefits of resistance training
Interview with Tommy Lundberg on the same resistance training topic
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Wed, 24 Jan 2024 - 1h 25min - 142 - Sleep And Menopause: Understanding The Impact And Learning To Cope
The team talk to Dr Zoe Schaedel on the impact of menopause on sleep patterns and how to resolve them. Schaedel has 15 years of experience as an NHS GP in the UK with expertise in menopause care, sleep problems, sexual health and contraception. She is an accredited British Menopause Society (BMS) Menopause Specialist and is a member of the BMS Medical Advisory Council.
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Thu, 18 Jan 2024 - 38min - 141 - How Allergies Affect Sleep and How to Fix It
Join hostMike Finch,Dr Jill WarnerandEmeritus Professor John Warnerto break down the effect allergies have on sleep quality. The panel discuss the various allergens affecting sleep - from dust mites in your bed to cat dander - and how best to deal with them.
Dr Jill Warner has aBSc in Immunology and Physiology and a PhD in Allergy from the University of London. She is currently an Honorary Professor in Paediatrics at The University of Cape Town and her research interests are in the foetal origins of allergic disease and environmental allergen avoidance. Dr Jill Warner has published over 100 peer-reviewed papers and journal articles in the field of allergy. Prof. John Warner is a Professor of Paediatrics at Imperial College London and the University of Cape Town.His research has focused on the early life origins of asthma and related allergic and respiratory disorders. He has published over 400 papers in scientific journals on these topics. He was Editor-in-Chief of the journal Pediatric Allergy and Immunology from 1997-2010 and chairman of the paediatric section of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology for 5 years until 2010. He is also a member of the Speciality and Training Committee of the World Allergy Organisation and a past Trustee of the charity known as The Anaphylaxis Campaign. He was a member of the Advisory Committee for Novel Foods and Processes of the Food Standards Agency for 12 years until 2012 and was recognised for his work in food allergy research by the award of an OBE in 2013.
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Tue, 09 Jan 2024 - 31min - 140 - SLEEP CASE STUDY: Does My Child Suffer From A Dust Mite Allergy?
In this case study Prof John Warner interviews a mother whose 8-year-old child suffers from persistent allergies. Could it be dust mites? Listen in on this consultation to see how allergies are diagnosed.
Prof. John Warner is a Professor of Paediatrics at Imperial College London and the University of Cape Town.His research has focused on the early life origins of asthma and related allergic and respiratory disorders. He has published over 400 papers in scientific journals on these topics. He was Editor-in-Chief of the journal Pediatric Allergy and Immunology from 1997-2010 and chairman of the paediatric section of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology for 5 years until 2010. He is also a member of the Speciality and Training Committee of the World Allergy Organisation and a past Trustee of the charity known as The Anaphylaxis Campaign. He was a member of the Advisory Committee for Novel Foods and Processes of the Food Standards Agency for 12 years until 2012 and was recognised for his work in food allergy research by the award of an OBE in 2013.
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Tue, 09 Jan 2024 - 9min - 139 - 2023 Wrap and News: Taylor Swift's Unlikely Running Routine / More Keto Debates / Sub-2 Marathon in '24?
It's been a big year in the world of sport and the team wrap up some of the highlights, focus on the trending sports science stories (incl. Taylor Swift's unlikely running regime) and our selection of the best sporting events we witnessed and, would have liked to have witnessed.
SHOW NOTES
Article showing that cold water immersion impairs performances done about 90 min after
The first salvo in the ketogenic diet and performance debate from Tim Noakes
The response from Louise Burke and Jamie Whitfield
The Systematic review on Talent development and promotion programmes
Youtube interview of Remco Evenepoel, as alluded to on the show
Or the Apple podcast equivalent
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Fri, 22 Dec 2023 - 1h 32min - 138 - Sleep and Mental Health / How To Treat The Most Common Sleep Disorder /
Co-hosts Dr Jill Warner and Mike Finch are joined by Dr Simon Durrant, Associate Professor at the School of Psychology, University of Lincoln and Chairman of the British Sleep Society, to discuss the relationship between sleep and mental health, the most common sleep disorders and how to treat them and how sleep can determine your chances of getting depression.
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Thu, 07 Dec 2023 - 39min - 137 - Sleep And Adolescence: Understanding Teenage Sleep Health
Join Dr Dale Rae, Director: Sleep Science, Cape Town and Senior Lecturer at the Division of Physiological Sciences, University of Cape Town, and co-hosts Dr Jill Warner and Mike Finch as they talk about the special challenges adolescents have when it comes to sleep time, regularity and requirements. Understand why teenagers sleep at odd hours, how stress affects their sleep and the best sleep strategies for the younger set.
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Thu, 30 Nov 2023 - 30min - 136 - Does Cold Water Therapy Have Any Benefits? Latest research / Worm Blood: Doping's Newest 'Frontier' / Transgender Controversies In Snooker and Cricket
SHOW NOTES
Lug worm hemoglobin doping: https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/marine-worm-haemoglobin-could-be-the-new-frontier-of-blood-doping/
Interesting perspectives on sport as entertainment
Transgender Injury in football
Snooker transgender controversy
MAIN TOPIC
Is the Wim Hof method effective?
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Tue, 28 Nov 2023 - 1h 33min - 135 - Sleep And Athletic Performance (feat. Olympic gold medallist Ryk Neethling)
The team are joined by Dr Dale Rae, Director at Sleep Science and a Senior Lecturer in the Division of Physiological Sciences at the University of Cape Town, to break down the special sleep needs of sports, and active, people. The team talk about how to earn a 'nap' licence, how much to sleep if you're an active person, how to cope with jet lag and why early risers are more likely to succeed in sport. Co-host Dr Jill Warner also interviews former Olympic gold medallist swimmer Ryk Neethling about his sleep experiences and the lessons he has learnt along the way.
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Tue, 21 Nov 2023 - 43min - 134 - Why We All Need To Sleep More / The True Benefits of Sleep / The Most Common Sleep Mistake
From the producers of The Science of Sport podcast, comes a limited 6-part series Unlocking Your Sleep Potential. In the first episode hosts Dr Jill Warner and Mike Finch speak to Dr Allie Hare, a consultant physician in respiratory and sleep medicine and president of the British Sleep Society. The team break down the basics of why sleep is so important, the factors that affect sleep, why you probably aren't sleeping enough and the biggest sleep mistake most people are making.
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Wed, 15 Nov 2023 - 30min - 133 - NEWS WRAP: Caster's Book Controversy / Biological Passport Defeat / Does the Sub-2 Marathon beckon?
Former world steeplechase champion, Norah Jeruto, was recently cleared of doping charges despite adverse findings in her biological passport. Does this put the credibility of the passport at risk or is the unusual case a once-off? PLUS Caster Semenya's controversial 'tell-all' book and reactions, can you ingest carbs through your mouth and does the latest world marathon record puts the sub-2 hour within reach?
Show notes and links
Summary of one of the interview’s Semenya gave in promotion of the book, including some quotes discussed on the showOne of the very few reviews of Caster Semenya’s book that includes any mention of the biological basis for the controversy, rather than portraying it as a challenge of women with high testosteroneThe appeal decision in the AIU case of Norah JerutoThe WADA code that mentions prohibited methods including blood manipulation
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Fri, 10 Nov 2023 - 1h 31min - 132 - Why Endurance Athletes Are Super-Fuelling On Carbs / Rugby World Cup Final Wrap
In a recent story on Outsideonline.com top cyclists are reported to be ingesting huge quantities of carbohydrates in recent years which could explain some of their amazing performances. We ask whether this trend is new, how super 'carbing' is done and how it may work for anyone undertaking an endurance event PLUS we wrap up the 2023 Rugby World Cup and explain why the Springbok victory meant so much for South Africa.
SCROLL TO 34:32 FOR THE DISCUSSION ON CARBS
SHOW NOTES
A discussion on Reddit about the Outsideonline.com article
A short explanation article from Asker Jeukendrup’s blog on carb mixes and increasing carb oxidation
The 2004 study that found an increase in carb oxidation when carbs were combined
The study on marathon runners ingesting 120g of carbs per hour, with less muscle damage one outcome
A final post from Asker’s blog with advice on carb intake, including a useful graphic explainer
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Fri, 03 Nov 2023 - 1h 17min - 131 - Rugby's New High-Tech Mouthguards: How They Work And Why?
This week World Rugby announced that they will be including head accelerations measured by smart mouthguards into the sport's head injury assessment protocols used at the top level of the game to help identify potential head injuries during a game. This is how they work, why the tech could be a game changer and the challenges facing their adoption.
Credits: Opening clip Rugby World Cup Youtube channel
SHOW NOTES
Sean Ingle’s piece on the instrumented mouthguard technology
Two articles that explore the elusive (and likely impossible) concussion threshold And journals.lww.com/acsm-essr/fulltext/2011/01000/biomechanics_of_sport_concussion__quest_for_the.3.aspx
Russ Petty tweet on playing time of the semi-finalists
My article on the iMGs from the Patron page, now public
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Fri, 20 Oct 2023 - 1h 18min - 130 - The Most Fascinating Explanation of Rugby Laws You'll Hear This Year / Berlin Marathon Record: Human Excellence or Shoe Tech Mastery
Keith Lewis is the Laws Co-ordinator at World Rugby and Founder of RugbyReferee.net and is at the fulcrum of many of the law changes in the world of rugby union. The team scrum down to discuss how the laws have changed the game over the years, how to manage the balance between player safety and spectator entertainment and how new laws are introduced into the game. PLUS Ethiopia’s Tigst Assefa established a new women's world marathon record at the Berlin Marathon. But how much of a factor is the shoe tech and how do we measure the athletic performance?
SHOW NOTES:
The link between running economy and performance
Guest Keith Lewis’ details:
Email: Laws@worldrugby.org
X: @keithlewisrugby
Linkedin: linkedin.com/in/keithlewisrugby
Website: rugbyreferee.net
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Wed, 27 Sep 2023 - 1h 52min - 129 - From Cauliflower Ears To Subterfurge: Inside the World of a Pro Rugby Coach
John Dobson is one of South Africa's most celebrated rugby coaches. As head coach of the Stormers franchise, who won the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, Dobson is renowned as one of the most passionate and knowledgeable coaches in the game. The team talk candidly to Dobson about tactics, what coaches say to players at halftime, what makes a good coach, the clever way coaches communicate with players during a game and why coaching boxes have to be swept before games to ensure they aren't bugged. For the rugby novice and connoisseur alike.
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Wed, 20 Sep 2023 - 1h 34min - 128 - Rugby World Cup '23: The Amazing Tech Used To Look After Players
Having just returned from a week at the Rugby World Cup, Prof. Ross Tucker explains the amazing tech used to spot concussions during RWC matches. Plus the team discuss how the tackle rule is not a perfect science and if 'bomb squad' tactics further threaten player safety. PLUS latest doping news and a Vuelta a Espana update.
SHOW NOTES:
Simona Halep’s 4 year ban announced by ITIA:
Paul Pogba’s testosterone failure
Article on the concussion experienced by the AFL player discussion on the show
The first of three articles that Ross published on how head injuries happen in rugby
The Head Contact Process Currently used by World Rugby for adjudicating high tackles
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Fri, 15 Sep 2023 - 1h 27min - 127 - The Man Who Cycled the Globe: Adventurer Ron Rutland from Paris
Ron Rutland arrived in Paris on 7 September 2023, concluding the fourth leg of a remarkable (and not always planned) journey that has spanned a decade and four Rugby World Cups. Beginning in 2013, Ron rode from Cape Town to London via every country in Africa, then London to Tokyo, Tokyo to Auckland, and Auckland to Paris (via South and North America). It's a journey that has covered over 100,000 km, crossing 115 countries on six continents. In between, he caddied the longest hole of golf every played across Mongolia. Ron has seen and experienced it all - mudslides, heat, illness, adopted dogs, bus accidents, Himalayan and Andean passes, 100km climbs and even longer descents. He and Ross sit down in a hotel coffee shop in Paris to talk about his cycling journey around the world, fitness gains, calorie deficits, see-food diets, and the challenges overcome, lessons learned, and life philosophies developed along the way.
Show notes
The documentary made about Ron's caddying expedition across Mongolia: The Longest Hole
The journey from London to Tokyo is available as a link at the bottom of this page (it just requires sign up for a free trial, and possibly a VPN), including Himalayan Peaks and mudslides: Everything in between
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Fri, 08 Sep 2023 - 1h 30min - 126 - Sean Ingle on anti-doping, the state of T&F and a look ahead to the Rugby World Cup
Ross is joined in Paris by Guardian Chief Sports Reporter, Sean Ingle, to look back on the recent World Athletics Championships, but with a focus more on the off-track news stories, including the state of anti-doping in sport, conflicts in the media zone, and the marketability of the sport and its athletes. They also look ahead to the upcoming Rugby World Cup, with Sean visiting France to set the scene for Paris' upcoming eleven-month festival of sports, and Ross attending meetings ahead of this weekend's opening fixtures. That discussion explores some of Sean's family history in boxing, the value of contact sport, and the challenge faced by all sports to prevent and manage head impacts more effectively.
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Wed, 06 Sep 2023 - 1h 00min - 125 - La Vuelta and Remco / The Farrell Tackling Incident Unpacked / World Athletics Champs Wrap
Why the Owen Farrell incident may well have saved rugby / Remco Evenepoel takes on the best stage racers at this year's Vuelta a Espana: Can he dominate? / All the best performances and stories from the World Athletics Championships.
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Thu, 31 Aug 2023 - 1h 26min - 124 - Woodpeckers do get concussed, and what this means for the Q-Collar and brain injury prevention
The Q-Collar is a device that is promoted to prevent concussion and "protect the brain during repetitive head impacts",and has been spotted around the necks of athletes in a number of sports, ranging from cricket to football. But do these claims and promises stand up to scientific scrutiny? Is there a sound biological rationale for the claims? Should parents, athletes and coaches explore and use devices such as this to prevent brain injury?
In this episode, Ross explores the answers to the above questions with Prof James Smoliga, professor of Public health and community medicine at Tufts University. Prof Smoliga puts an intense and in-depth scientific microscope on the claims, and concludes that there is no quality evidence in support of concussion and brain health claims, and that the foundational premise on which the product rests is flawed. We also learn that woodpeckers DO show signs of brain injury, that studies linking altitude to protection against concussion are grossly exaggerated and misinterpreted, and, humorously, that NFL teams with animal mascots are less likely to see concussion that teams without animal mascots.
Show notes:
Dr James Smoliga's university profile pageThe science and research page of the Q-Collar website, describing many of the studies James talks about in the podcastJames' paper on the mechanisms used by woodpeckers to (partly) protect their brains from injuryStudy showing signs of brain injury in woodpeckers, despite the above mentioned adaptationsThe original study showing a purported protective effect of "altitude" (above 600ft!) on concussionThe rebuttal letter from James' colleague that absolutely eviscerates the above mentioned altitude studyJames' meta-analysis that looks at over 5 million data points to show that altitude does not have a protective effect against concussionThe paper discussed on the pod that uses the DTI method to show brain changes with and without the Q-CollarThe 2021 study that failed to find a reduction in concussion incidence with the Q-Collar Get bonus content on PatreonHosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Tue, 29 Aug 2023 - 1h 32min - 123 - Mike LIVE in Budapest, Day 5 recap from the World Athletics Championships: Ingebrigtsen, Warholm, ties and goulash
Day 5 from the World Athletics Championships threw up some intriguing storylines. An upset in the men's 1500m, as history repeated in the GB (actually Edinburgh Athletic Club) vs Ingebrigtsen rivalry, Karsten Warholm returned to the top step of the 400m hurdles podium, and there was an agreed tie for gold in the Women's Pole vault. We discuss the physiological fragility of the 1500m event, ponder fatigue and pacing strategies in the field events, compare Lyles 2023 to Bolt 2009, and Mike gives us insights on Hungarian goulash!
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Thu, 24 Aug 2023 - 55min - 122 - Mike LIVE in Budapest: Day 4 recap from the World Athletics Championships
Mike is on the ground in Budapest, and the duo are doing LIVE Instagram chats every morning, discussing the big stories from the World Athletics Championships. In this episode, we go back to Night 3 to talk about the women's 100m champion and a press conference that Mike attended (and asked a question that got a prickly answer!), and discuss Sha'Carri Richardson's volatile relationship with the media, in contrast to her huge potential upside to the sport. We also talk about Faith Kipyegon's absolute dominance of middle distance running (bordering on invincibility), the heat and humidity in Budapest as a challenge to everyone from the schedule-creators to the shot-putter to the marathon runner. We also open the door on some anti-doping stories, including the potential for a new tool, and a brewing doping controversy.
These episodes have been recorded every day on Instagram live (so apologies for some scratchy sound, live from the field), and then all of them are uploaded as Patron exclusives, so if you're enjoying our coverage and feel like being part of the Science of Sport patron community, check us out and consider donating here!
Show notes:
The article about a tilted runway in the pole vault- Mike and his spirit level are on it!Systematic review on cannabis and its effects on exercise performanceThe Sean Ingle piece about AIU and the new antidoping toolA brief article on Tobi Amusan's whereabouts failure and the prospect of AIU appealing the decision (the full decision is out today, more to come, no doubt) Get bonus content on PatreonHosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Wed, 23 Aug 2023 - 57min - 121 - Developing Bodies: Nutrition And The Young Athlete
From creating a healthy relationship with food to eating for performance, looking after young athletes is a complex issue with long-term repercussions. The team sit down with dietician Dr Sarah Chantler, from Leeds Becket University, to discuss the challenges and solutions. A must-listen for parents and young athletes alike.
PLUS World Cycling Champs review, Owen Farrell incident and Richard Freeman ban.
SHOW NOTES:
News:
Main story
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Fri, 18 Aug 2023 - 1h 55min - 120 - Does Altitude Training Really Work?
From pro cyclists to runners and cross-country skiers, altitude training is a popular preparation method for a major event. But is it as simple as training high? The team break down the benefits, the science and the reasons why it may not work for everyone.
SHOW NOTES
Article on the AFL’s potential reduction in contact training
Article on AFL considering mandatory headgear for players
ALTITUDE TRAINING
The first of two good reviews, this one explaining the concepts and principles of altitude training
The research that found that LHTL didn’t have any benefit compared to LLTL in cross-country skiers
One of the “skeptic” reviews calling for more research on altitude training
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Tue, 08 Aug 2023 - 1h 42min - 119 - Tour de France Wrap: The Moments That Decided The Winner
The critical moments that split the top contenders at this year's Tour de France rose more than a few eyebrows. The team take an in-depth look at the cycling spectacle, look closer at the numbers we know and discuss the merits of full disclosure by the top riders to help rebuild trust in cycling performances.
PLUS Migual Angel Lopez's doping suspension and more on the ongoing transgender debate
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Fri, 28 Jul 2023 - 1h 23min - 118 - Tour de France: Cycling's Greatest Individual Time Trial Explained
Dane Jonas Vingegaard produced arguably the greatest individual time trial in cycling history during the 16th stage of the 2023 Tour de France. The team discuss the numbers, implications and the many questions that such a dominating performance raises. PLUS Carlos Alcaraz's biggest challenge in his tennis career after his Wimbledon victory, Caster Semanya's latest court victory and the recent UCI decision on transgender athletes.
SHOW NOTES:
Tom Dumoulin's assessment of Jonas Vingegaard's 16th stage performance
A paper on how fatigue affects power output in elite cyclists
A story that talks of the 97 ml/kg/min VO2max of Jonas Vingegaard, as yet unverified
Paper looking at how position on the bike affects speed at the same power output
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Wed, 19 Jul 2023 - 1h 05min - 117 - Is English Cricket Racist? / Head Injuries in Female Sport / The Battle Against Weight Shaming in Young Athletes
A rare case of CTE (Chronic traumatic encephalopathy) in a young female sportswoman asks the question: Are women more susceptible to head injuries than men? Plus the controversy around an English cricket repor on racismt, the Ben Stokes stumping affair and how some sports are dealing with fat shaming among young sportspeople.
SHOW NOTES:
CTE case identified in a female athlete: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/jul/04/first-case-cte-female-athlete-aflw-player-heather-anderson-diagnosed-australian-researchers
Research article we mentioned where the criteria used to identify TES were challenged
England’s report on racism in cricket
Report on Wetmore and body composition tests in runners
Swimming England bans weighing of young athletes
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Thu, 06 Jul 2023 - 1h 26min - 116 - NEWS SPECIAL: Tour de France / Lance Armstrong's Transgender Crusade / Concussion Latest / Rugby's Tackle Experiment
From the Netflix Tour de France series to the death of pro rider Gino Mader and Geraint Thomas's bicarb blame, the team look ahead to the 2023 Tour de France. We also discuss the latest research into concussion and contact sports, Lance Armstrong's transgender series and an amazing, but obscure, running record.
SHOW NOTES & LINKS
Rugby league tackle height screwup
Death of Gino Mader, and understanding risk
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Wed, 28 Jun 2023 - 1h 36min - 115 - Why So Many Athletics Records Are Being Broken / Elite Athletes And Cramp
From ultra-distance events like the Comrades Marathon to the tracks of the Diamond League, athletics records are being broken at every turn. The team drill down to the realities of technology and discuss its influence over these performances to put them into perspective. We also discuss World No. 2 Carlos Alcaraz's cramping implosion at this year's French Open and why Novak Djokovic and mountain biker Nino Schurter seem to defy their own advancing years to stay at the top.
Show notes:
The bonus episode, exclusive to Patrons, where Sean Ingle joins Ross to talk about performance, including views from coaches and athletesThe article on track technology that we discussed on the show, thanks to Gareth for providing the linkResearch paper by Knopp et al comparing different 'super shoes' in elite Kenyans and non-elite runners, showing high variability within each runner depending on their shoeAnother research paper that compares seven (though I count eight) super shoes, showing how some runners do really well in one shoe and worse in othersSean Ingle's article from that Paris meet with the three World RecordsArticle on Alcaraz's cramp at the French Open, as discussed on the show
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Wed, 21 Jun 2023 - 1h 20min - 114 - Kipchoge 2.0: The Rise of the New Marathon Stars
In the aftermath of Evans Chebet's win in Boston and Kelvin Kiptum's sensational victory in London, the world of marathon running has been turned on its head. The team look closely at the latest results from the World Marathon Majors and ask whether the Kipchoge days are finally coming to an end and if the world record is set to fall again sooner rather than later.
JUMP TO 38:34 FOR THE MAIN TOPIC.
SHOW NOTES
CAUGHT MY EYE ITEMS
The article on bicarbonate and ketone’s combined effect on performance
Pogacar’s coach doesn’t think much about the bicarbonate benefit, submitted by Renato Chironi:
Article submitted by Pratima from the Patron page, on how there is not yet evidence to adapt training to the phase of the menstrual cycle:
The podcast interview in which Colin Chartier talks about his doping decisionand positive:
MAIN TOPIC
Sean ingle’s article on the super shoes, including the quotes from Chris Thompson about the effects of the shoes:
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Tue, 02 May 2023 - 1h 14min - 113 - Why How We Select Young Sporting Talent Is Probably All Wrong
Around the world, the way that young talent is identified is often done without an understanding of how young athletes develop. We talk to Norwegian researcher in the field, Eirik Halvorsen Wik, PhD, from Cape Town's Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine at Stellenbosch University, for a close look at the challenges faced by young sporting stars, why there may be a better way to make selections at youth level and how to ensure the best athletes are given the best chance at long term success. Wik has previously worked at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences and the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre.
SHOW NOTES:
A news story on the Ultra runner who took a car trip for 2.5 miles mid race
The paper in which coaches are revealed as not being all that good at spotting good running economy
Our guest Eirik Wik’s study on injuries in adolescent athletes
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Tue, 25 Apr 2023 - 1h 33min - 112 - Fatigue Resistance And How To Improve It
In the second of our two-part special on fatigue we examine Fatigue Resistance or durability. Is it just a modern term for an old concept, what does it really mean and what sort of training helps build it.
SHOW NOTES
Caught My Eye Segment
The Zwift study looking for remote research participations, as submitted by Gareth D
The third of Gareth’s submissions, looking at the helmet approved in Quarterbacks in the NFL
Main Topic (Skip to 35:48)
Link to the Ed Maunder paper that describes the durability concept
Some examples of papers that assess durability (as a performance outcome) in elite cyclists:
Mateo-March paper with 112 cyclists over 8 seasons, showing that World Tour cyclists had much smaller power decay than Pro Tour cyclists with accumulating levels of fatigue26 Pro cyclists over a combined total of 85 seasons, showing how Cat 1 cyclists drop off less than Cat 2 cyclists when fatigued https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33731651/
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Tue, 18 Apr 2023 - 1h 24min - 111 - The Science of Fatigue
Mental and muscle fatigue is part of every sporting endeavour. But what is fatigue? What happens in the body when we get tired and is it possible to push beyond our perceived limits?
SCROLL TO 19:35 FOR THE MAIN TOPIC
SHOW NOTES:
Caught My Eye:
The case of the cheating fishermen
The article on the fallout from the apparently botched doping case of Peter Bol.
The Swimming England announcement of their trans policy
Fatigue Discussion
My own review article on how pacing strategy is regulated as part of a homeostatic system
A paper on how neurotransmitters in the brain affect fatigue and performance
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Thu, 06 Apr 2023 - 1h 08min - 110 - The Tragic Tale of an Athletics Doper / Athletics' New Transgender Rules
At first glance the story of New Zealand's Zane Robertson is just another web of lies. But is it? The team take a close look at one of the most tragic doping cases in recent times. Plus World Athletics recently announced new rules regarding transgender and DSD athletes. We ask how does the decision impact world sport and particularly the International Olympic Committee?
SHOW NOTES:
Patron Joshua Stacey the long jump that never quite caught on: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fp7BclslUyo
Article on the underarm basketball throw that also didn’t catch on: https://www.sportscasting.com/rick-barrys-underhand-free-throws-and-why-nba-players-today-dont-follow-suit/
From Patron Travis Hawkins, on the Norwegian protest of their own athlete’s shoe: https://www.triathlete.com/culture/news/the-world-triathlon-protest-against-the-norwegians-was-filed-by-the-norwegians/
From Patron Travis Hawkins, on the Norwegian protest of their own athlete’s shoe: https://www.triathlete.com/culture/news/the-world-triathlon-protest-against-the-norwegians-was-filed-by-the-norwegians/
World Athletics’ policy on trans and DSD athletes:
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Wed, 29 Mar 2023 - 1h 19min - 109 - Should Sport Be Non-Competitive In Schools?
Over the past few years English schools have begun to introduce non-competitive sport in an effort to be more inclusive. But is that the right strategy when it comes to producing future champions and developing a 'winning' mentality? The team take an in-depth look into the evidence surrounding the debate and examples of countries that have already rolled out similar plans.
> Jump to 45:17 for the main topic.
PLUS RED-S in male athletes / Bicarb in endurance sport / shinty drug testing / Remembering Dick Fosbury, the inventor of modern high jumping.
SHOW NOTES:
Caught My Eye Segment
Jake Smith’s Instagram post about his RED-S
The 1984 study on bicarbonate as a performance enhancer
A 1993 meta-analysis on bicarbonate
A 2022 systematic review on bicarb and performance
A recent article that contains some of Maurten’s promises and promotions
Primoz Roglic’s glowing endorsement of bicarb. “With 600W it always hurts, huh?"
The BBC piece on Shinty’s drug testing plans
David Epstein’s article on Dick Fosbury
Main Segment
Article on how early specialisation and training rather than fun increases injury risk
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Fri, 17 Mar 2023 - 1h 25min - 108 - The Real Science of Barefoot and Minimalist Running
Christopher McDougal's latest book, Born To Run 2, revisits the barefoot and minimalist movement that upended the world of running over a decade ago when he published his first book Born To Run in 2009. But what does the latest research say and is running barefoot the key to running nirvana?
SHOW NOTES:
Sean Ingle’s report after UK Athletics announced a “non-policy” recognition of the trans women issue and were corrected by EHRC:
The statement by the Equality and Human Rights commission
The Peter Bol doping story, as submitted by Patron Joshua Stacey
The Connor Benn doping clearance story, with much to be discussed and determined
The WADA study on clomiphene in eggs: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19440049.2021.1949497
The twitter thread that speculates about the use of biomechanics as a way to identify a doper
The article that is skeptical about barefoot running
Study on stiffness of tendons in cushioned vs minimalist runners
One of the reviews showing no injury risk difference between shod and barefoot runners
Study showing successful transition to barefoot running in 71% of runners with a 20 week transition programme
Nic Tam’s study on individual responses to barefoot running
Nic’s second paper on how individuals respond to a barefoot running programme
Nic’s third paper on the effect of fatigue on biomechanics when barefoot vs shod
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Wed, 01 Mar 2023 - 1h 37min - 107 - What Motivates Success? Lessons From An Insider
Author and motivator Richard Sutton talks about his experiences working with some of the world's best tennis players and within the Chinese Olympic structure. Sutton's unique insight makes for a fascinating discussion on what really motivates success and how it plays out at the top level of sport. Sutton recently released his third book 'Thrive: The Power of Resilience" where he draws on his experience to empower individual and business leaders.
SHOW NOTES:
Caught My Eye
Kara Goucher's tweet about Brody Buffington's banning for over-celebration
Article on Camille Herron's long run views, with some really interesting discussion on bone stress in response to training, as submitted by Patron Edward Price
Article mentioning Eilish McColgan’s rebound hypoglycaemia, submitted by Julia Littlefair and hopefully a topic for future exploration
Story on South African women's cricket player being left out of national team after failing fitness test, sent in by Graeme Smith as a Caught my Eye Topic.
Main Interview
Amazon link to the Richard Sutton's book
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Thu, 16 Feb 2023 - 1h 39min - 106 - Guns and Needles: The Murky World of Sports Doping
Respected sports journalist and writer Clinton van der Berg talks about his journey writing his book 'Guns And Needles: A Journey into the heart of South Africa's sport's steroid and drug culture."Van der Berg shares how he managed to get sports people, accused and convicted of doping, to tell their story; how he found out about the shocking incidences of doping in school and junior sport and why both young and old are susceptible to the performance benefits of illegal supplements and drugs. It's a cautionary tale for amateurs and professionals alike no matter what country you come from.
Note: We are aware the sound on this one from Clinton is really poor. We had major connectivity problems over the recording and try as we might to correct it post-recording, we just couldn't. We are really sorry, it's hugely frustrating and does detract from the listen and the content. We can only apologize for it and commit to making sure it doesn't happen again in future.
SHOW NOTES
An article about the "sport" of powerslap, as discussed in the Caught my Eye segmentIf you've got the stomach, here are some examples of why slap fighting is so indefensibleBuy Clinton's book on Amazon here Get bonus content on PatreonHosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Wed, 08 Feb 2023 - 1h 09min - 105 - The Sporting Heart
From sudden death in exercise to risk factors, screening and heart health in sports, the team talk to Dr Jonathan Drezner, Director of the University of Washington's Medicine Center for Sports Cardiology and co-Chair of the UW Medicine Cardiovascular Wellness and Prevention Programme. He is Editor-in-Chief of the British Journal of Sports Medicine and serves as a team physician for the Seattle Seahawks, OL Reign, and UW Huskies.
Show notes:
Four second power output and performance improvements studyArticle on "exercise snacking" as discussed in the podcastPrevalence of Inflammatory Heart Disease Among Professional Athletes With Prior COVID-19 Infection Who Received Systematic Return-to-Play Cardiac ScreeningPrevalence of Clinical and Subclinical Myocarditis in Competitive Athletes With Recent SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Results From the Big Ten COVID-19 Cardiac RegistryA meta-analysis of myocarditis in athletes recovering from Covid 19Really good epidemiologist article on Covid and sudden deaths Get bonus content on PatreonHosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Wed, 01 Feb 2023 - 1h 38min - 104 - BREAKING NEWS: English Rugby's Controversial New Tackle Law
England's Rugby Football Union (RFU) recently announced a new tackle law which could have far-reaching ramifications for the safety of the game and, potentially, the style of play. The radical change, due to be instituted in the amateur game on July 1, 2023, has met with controversy but will it really put an end to rugby concussions?
SHOW NOTES
Prof Ross Tucker's view on Patreon
https://www.patreon.com/posts/lowering-legal-77489775
BBC story on Nigel Owens' reaction to the tackle law
https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/64365045#:~:text=Former%20international%20referee%20Nigel%20Owens,from%20the%20Premiership%20and%20Championship.
The Guardian story on the new laws
https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jan/20/rugbys-authorities-hit-a-new-low-with-unworkable-change-to-tackle-rules
The article we discuss with Jordan’s soundbite in Caught my Eye: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17461391.2023.2171907?journalCode=tejs20
Two other pieces on the studies and the desire to lower tackle height, in the elite game: https://sportsscientists.com/2018/10/nudge-a-data-driven-attempt-at-reducing-concussion-risk-in-rugby-a-process-explained/?doing_wp_cron=1674539567.3949980735778808593750
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Tue, 24 Jan 2023 - 1h 13min - 103 - 2023 Look Ahead / Alcohol & Exercise / Early Specialisation Discussion / Damar Hamlin
In this first episode in 2023, the team discuss the pros and cons of early specialisation, alcohol and exercise, ketones and what caused American footballer Damar Hamlin's sudden cardiac arrest in the middle of a game.
SHOW NOTES:
The bicycling magazine article on alcohol in cycling: https://www.bicycling.com/health-nutrition/a42259477/cycling-drinking-alcohol-effects/?source=nl&utm_source=nl_byc&utm_medium=email&date=010223&utm_campaign=nl30130268&user_email=011b810884e3e70b55fc3ab4cdb827f5f8bcb56bf8fd283524686fb8195fcc2f&utm_term=AAA%20--%20High%20Minus%20Dormant%20and%2090%20Day%20Non%20Openers%20%28NEW%29
Armand Duplantis documentary: https://www.svtplay.se/video/jxkavqg/armand-duplantis-born-to-fly?position=10&id=jxkavqg
Zwift Academy documentary: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wGa8Cc1P3o
My Patron article on sudden cardiac arrests and death in young athletes: https://www.patreon.com/posts/sudden-cardiac-76864053
Commotio cordis article describing how the events happen: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/194700
Good summary of Commotio Cordis: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24760424/
Fascinating article on the Italian criminal case brought against a player after a Commotio cordis death: https://vault.si.com/vault/1993/12/06/a-cruel-blow-a-seemingly-harmless-slash-to-the-chest-resulted-in-the-death-of-a-hockey-player-in-italy-now-jimmy-boni-will-go-on-trial-for-manslaughter
The Ketone study showing how ketone ingestion increased EPO levels: https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/ajpendo.00264.2022
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Tue, 17 Jan 2023 - 1h 18min - 102 - 2022 REVIEW: From Outrageous Cheats to Deciding The World's Greatest Ever Footballer
The team are joined by Sean Ingle, chief sports writer for The Guardian, to talk through the highs, lows, dramas and celebrations from one of the busiest years in world sport. From outrageous cheating and doping scandals to top performances at the World Athletics championships, the ongoing transgender debate, the state of marathon running and super shoes and who really is the great footballer of all time after this year's World Cup?
Follow the discussion on Twitter @sportsscipod and on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/thescienceofsport
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Tue, 20 Dec 2022 - 1h 35min - 101 - The Art and Science of the Perfect Penalty
British football journalist Ben Lyttleton literally wrote the book on football penalties. As the author of 'Twelve Yards: The Art and Psychology of the Perfect Penalty' and 'Edge: What Business Can Learn From Football', Lyttleton is arguably the world's leading authority on the subject. His encyclopedia-like and passionate knowledge of both the game of football and the controversial penalty, make this one of the most entertaining podcasts we have done yet.
SHOW NOTES:
Caught My Eye
The obituary of anti-doping pioneer Werner Franke: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/04/sports/werner-franke-dead.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share&referringSource=articleShare
Main Interview
The Twitter handle of our guest Ben Lyttleton: @benlyt, or https://twitter.com/benlyt
Ben’s website, Twelve Yards: https://twelveyards.substack.com/
Article on where to aim, high or low: https://twelveyards.substack.com/p/high-or-low-where-to-aim
Fascinating article with video on Neymar’s now illegal stop-start method, and his adjustments: https://twelveyards.substack.com/p/what-neymar-did-next
The curse of the superstar - why stars miss more penalties: https://twelveyards.substack.com/p/mbappe-culture-and-the-superstar
The study on English players’ failure in shootouts that kicked off this interview: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19058088/
Emotional contagion paper, and how player celebrations affect shootout results: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20544488/
The most famous penalty miss ever? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8WtxgFvvj0
The original panenka: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxXWIZULgyw
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Fri, 09 Dec 2022 - 1h 31min - 100 - The Science of Football: From Game Tactics To Finding The Best Players
With World Cup football in the air, the team talk to sports data specialist Omar Chaudhuri, Chief Intelligence Officer of the Twenty First Group, about the stats and data that matter in world football. Chaudhuri explains how data has changed the game, what the numbers say about the best players in the world and who the form teams are for major events like the World Cup. Football fans... this is for you!
SHOW NOTES:
The home page of Twenty First Group, the company of which OMAR is CIO: https://www.twentyfirstgroup.com/
Twenty First Group’s World Cup Hub: https://www.twentyfirstgroup.com/tfgs-fifa-world-cup-2022-hub/
One example (of many) that do football analytics including expected goals, xG, as discussed on the show: https://www.infogol.net/en
The Caught my Eye subject - women’s boots and balls: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-63636201
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Mon, 05 Dec 2022 - 1h 34min - 99 - FOOTBALL SPECIAL: How Pro Footballers Train, Recover and Compete
The team gets to grips with the inner workings of a top professional football team in an interview with Nick Chadd, the Head of Sport Science and Strength and Conditioning at Portuguese giants Benfica. Chadd offers a unique perspective when it comes to player management, rest and recovery, talent identification and, most importantly, managing performance. Chadd has previously worked for the City Football Group and Manchester City, the English Institute of Sport, Wasps and Sheffield United.
SHOW NOTES
Article on fatigue in football: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18416591/
Good concise summary of some of the scientific and physiological elements of football: https://www.gssiweb.org/sports-science-exchange/article/sse-125-physiological-demands-of-football
Link to the Special Football edition of the International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance: https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijspp/17/9/ijspp.17.issue-9.xml?rskey=U0Zy5b&result=1
One article from that special edition, which details how muscle soreness and sleep quantity affect injury risk: https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijspp/17/9/article-p1399.xml
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Wed, 30 Nov 2022 - 1h 27min - 98 - The Concussion Debate: Can Playing Contact Sports Cause Brain Damage?
Does playing contact sports make you more likely to suffer long-term damage later in life? And does it matter? During the recent International Conference on Concussion in Sport, Prof. Ross Tucker witnessed two sides to a controversial story that has both legal and ethical implications.
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Mon, 21 Nov 2022 - 1h 30min - 97 - RUGBY UNION: The Growth & Challenges Facing Women's Rugby
In this first of a three-part series on rugby union, we discuss the women's game with passionate rugby journalist Jess Hayden. We delve into the rapid growth in participation, viewership and interest in the last five years, and discuss the unique medical and welfare challenges faced by women, and the research that needs to be done to reduce risks to players.
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Thu, 27 Oct 2022 - 1h 11min - 95 - When Science Collides: The Blake Leeper Controversy Unpacked
The question as to whether disabled athletes with prosthetic limbs can compete in able-bodied events has been steeped in controversy since the days of Oscar Pistorius in 2009. But since American Blake Leeper hit the headlines in 2019 the debate has been re-ignited with two groups of scientists on opposing sides. We speak to one of the world's foremost biomechanical experts - Dr Peter Weyand, Professor of applied physiology and biomechanics at Southern Methodist University in Dallas - to break down his side of an intriguing15-year-old saga.
SHOW NOTES
This week’s caught my eye, on Triathlon’s inaction on shoe technology: https://www.triathlete.com/culture/news/world-triathlon-confirms-idens-imwc-shoes-not-illegal-no-rules-on-running-shoes/
Some background on the Kenyan doping cases this year, including the “new drug” (old to cycling fans), triamcinolone: https://www.letsrun.com/news/2022/10/2021-boston-marathon-champ-diana-kipyokei-suspended-and-her-agent-doesnt-hold-back-diana-is-completely-guilty-i-am-sorry/
Peter Weyand’s Locomotor lab YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/user/LocomotorLabSMU
Peter Weyand’s most recent article on double amputees and sprint performance: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.220397
The “compromise” paper by Weyand et al prior to the debate and split in the research team: https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00174.2009
Peter Weyand’s counterpoint response that concludes a 12s advantage to Pistorius: https://journals.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/japplphysiol.01238.2009a
The CAS Decision on the first Leeper appeal, including the remarkable claims about Leeper’s true ability (372 & 373): https://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Award__6807___for_publication_.pdf
The World Athletics Mechanical Aid Review Panel decision when Leeper appealed the first CAS decision: https://www.worldathletics.org/news/press-releases/world-athletics-panel-decision-application-from-blake-leeper
CAS Summary of the second decision in the Leeper appeal: https://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/CAS_Media_Release_7930.pdf
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Wed, 19 Oct 2022 - 1h 56min - 94 - Unpacking The Truth Behind Exercise and Protein Supplementation
Few have studied protein in sports as much as Prof Stuart Phillips, from the Department of Kinesiology at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada. Together with the team, Phillips shares some of the latest research on the value of protein in exercise sports, discuss whether protein supplementation has any real value in enhancing recovery and performance and what the best type of protein is to consume.
SHOW NOTES:
CAUGHT MY EYE SEGMENT:
WADA bans tramadol, now that the proverbial horse has bolted (The horse is from Colombia, and rides a bike): https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/wada-outlaws-tramadol-use-2024-maintains-cannabis-ban-2022-09-23/#:~:text=SYDNEY%2C%20Sept%2023%20(Reuters),on%20cannabis%20after%20a%20review.
Good piece by Matt Lawton on the boxing controversy, the fight that ended up not happening: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/cadf7aae-44e9-11ed-8885-043c27446b97?shareToken=0fd65796afe945e5ad8a6e6c98d2c4f3
Article on the doping suspension and investigation of a Portuguese pro team leading to numerous bans: https://www.cyclingweekly.com/racing/seven-portugese-riders-banned-over-doping
A detailed article on the angling cheating scandal: https://www.yahoo.com/news/lead-weights-and-lie-detectors-the-scandal-that-rocked-a-cleveland-fishing-tournament-and-became-worldwide-news-033353103.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAMnouSCoCuNO7biPeFoeAg4JzCiXcWAF2pp0quSL3c5pBqL2HG-R8-UB2ZoJ5LEuhkcvZTC-2jUHv3LRIRoqgS5hDosIKtpYqGG3hXj3aRedy08l82XfFNjDo3zi3gt8v73hjXjuAiY9IGDwv99bCPg3xzqa4VJ_b8zHMWDK6I3r
MAIN INTERVIEW
The article mentioned by guest Stuart Phillips on protein supplementation requirements: https://www.clalit.co.il/he/lifestyle/sport/fitness/Documents/2004_ProteinRequirementsandSupplementationinStrengthSports.pdf
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Tue, 11 Oct 2022 - 1h 35min - 93 - Beware The Sugar Bonk ! / Tennis' Latest Prodigy / Is Evenepoel Cyclings' Real Deal?
From the young talents of US Open champion Carlos Alcaraz and Tour of Spain champion Remco Evenepoel to the good and the bad of commentators, the team wrap up a week of sporting action plus delve into how sugars are processed by the body during exercise and how to best to make them work for you.
SHOW NOTES:
Marine Doping Controversy link to story on the New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/30/us/navy-seal-training-death.html?unlocked_article_code=kiOrYVUmlzRdYjELh6prnMUVKRd2FVeZeOXb0NEm5THQ_FBpuuWKjDnBz-WafQLeOf1ALVzBSCrnGiIHsINBjfrO5ZRM5Bc12Lo5RkjYBoSM__xSlOImFPjkKpr25dq0dWUiLGucxRQD4Qwp2dZ1lyDPEsWGl8cS1KJ1eurUlIqEw-reYerQfvzUZL-oS1uRC53q5WBhbzsvWMqjLjZtaqVaL7DInOA722CpT6UyphjF5i5Vv9G4tQimDGSKfKPmoytPjEHKicR2n1e0MwZAOJk9fkiaMsra5Z1TtaCU_kus9WOkKOYA5VGjek1XIl0lFNOMpFlaDEG0mITzrQ&smid=share-url
Best To Follow On Cycling Analysis
https://twitter.com/ammattipyoraily?s=11&t=a7EZLuz7EjR6jo1Tj6mQZQ
https://twitter.com/naichacacycling?s=11&t=a7EZLuz7EjR6jo1Tj6mQZQ
https://twitter.com/cyclinggraphs?s=11&t=a7EZLuz7EjR6jo1Tj6mQZQ
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Wed, 14 Sep 2022 - 1h 07min - 92 - SOS SPECIAL: Jenna's Crawl: Tales from an elite ultra runner
Elite ultra runner Jenna Challenor made headlines during the recent 89km (56-mile) Comrades Marathon when she crawled across the finish line on all fours to finish fourth. Mike Finch talks to her about her Comrades experience, how she dealt with debilitating long Covid, training and pacing strategies and how to tough it out.
SHOW NOTES:
Jenna Challenor's dramatic Comrades finish
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULZQiAZF03A
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Thu, 08 Sep 2022 - 28min - 91 - Why Humans Are Designed To Run Long / Comrades Marathon Wrap /
The team take a look at the world of endurance running after the recent Comrades Marathon and discuss why humans are so successful at long distance running. We discuss adaptations and physiology, how muscle is affected by long distance running and why long distance trail events are so different from long road events from a physiological perspective.
SHOW NOTES
Caught My Eye Segment
The article on the ball controversy at the US Open: https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/aug/29/us-open-tennis-balls-row-iga-swiatek
Science of Ultras Segment
LetsRun article on the Triple Crown of Ultra running, including Comrades and UTMB: https://www.letsrun.com/news/2019/06/the-greatest-ultramarathons-in-the-world-the-triple-crown-of-ultras-comrades-western-states-utmb/
The study by Millet et al that was discussed on the show, showing how muscle function is affected by UTMB: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0017059
A scientific review on physiology and pathophysiology of Ultra running: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2018.00634/full
A Guardian piece on men and women in Ultra marathons: https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2020/jan/03/female-ultra-athletes-leading-field-women-less-ego
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Wed, 07 Sep 2022 - 1h 25min - 90 - How To Breathe Better!
The team speak to cardiopulmonary physiotherapist Samantha Holtzhausen about the role of effective breathing in life and exercise. Holtzhausen explains why good breathing can aid performance, reduce illness and even make you happier, and then gives some practical advice on how to improve your breathing.
SHOW NOTES:
Caught My Eye Topic:
A paper that describes the second wind in patients with McArdle’s disease, who can’t break down glycogen: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24651984/#:~:text=Patients%20with%20McArdle's%20disease%20(McA,a%20few%20minutes%20of%20exercise.
Another more recent study on McArdle Disease, including the case that was described on the show, whose HR and effort levels both drop when the oxidative fuel supply kick in: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/782745
On Breathing For Exercise
Website on the concepts discussed on show: https://www.bradcliff.com/
Samantha Holtshauzen on Instagram: @samanthaholtz, @nhhpulmonaryrehab
Her practice on Facebook: NHH Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Practice website: www.nhhphysio.co.za
Articles on the breathing issues discussed:
Breathing pattern disorders and physiotherapy: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265887552_Breathing_pattern_disorders_and_physiotherapy_inspiration_for_our_profession
Breathing chemistry and carbon dioxide: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242546547_Better_Chemistry_Through_Breathing_The_Story_of_Carbon_Dioxide_and_How_It_Can_Go_Wrong
Respiratory health in susceptible athletes: https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/2020/11/26/13993003.03722-2020
Managing respiratory problems in athletic individuals: https://thorax.bmj.com/content/77/6/540
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Tue, 30 Aug 2022 - 1h 25min - 89 - Sniff, Sneeze! The Low Down on Allergies and Sport
From amateur to pro, allergies affect a relatively large proportion of athletes. But the latest treatments and protocols could end the suffering. The team talk to specialist allergologist Prof. Claudia Gray about the latest research and treatments, what allergies really are and the surprising prevalence of allergies among sports people.
SHOW NOTES:
Caught My Eye Segment on Nairo Quintana and Tramadol:
The UCI Policy in which the Tramadol rule and procedures are explained: https://assets.ctfassets.net/761l7gh5x5an/4dfXPdgyPYHuFUwsEpXO5v/2611cc440358c188af2746d6195659f2/part-xiii---medical-rules---01.03.2020.pdf
The USADA article on tramadol, including their request to ban it and testimony from athletes: https://www.usada.org/spirit-of-sport/education/tramadol-why-some-athletes-and-anti-doping-experts-want-it-banned/
A paper describing tramadol use, including four studies on its effects: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8222773/#:~:text=Results%20of%20this%20study%20revealed,et%20al.%2C%202018b).
Paper on elite young Italian cyclists in which they (wrongly) identify tramadol as doping: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24184855/
Prof. Claudia Gray Interview
The IOC systematic review on the prevalence of lower airway dysfunction: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/56/4/213
A related article on the incidence of asthma in elite Swedish Athletes: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02770903.2020.1728769#:~:text=In%20the%20present%20study%2C%20the,%2Dyears)%20(11%E2%80%9313
Dr Claudia Gray on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dr_claudia_gray/
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Wed, 24 Aug 2022 - 1h 18min - 88 - Heart Rate And Exercise: Why HR Variability May Be The New Frontier
How does exercise affect heart rate (HR)? The team discuss everything from HR drift and fatigue to a special interview with Heart Rate Variability (HRV) expert Marco Altini. We break down why HRV may be the best way to measure physiological and psychological stress and why it's opening up a new way of heart rate monitoring.
SHOW NOTES:
Caught my eye:
The UCI Policy on covid: https://assets.ctfassets.net/761l7gh5x5an/6J9stmEo2OIrC7tr8VqU2f/e471f21f58c91254b070daf24c3290cf/2022.06.27_COVID_Protocol_Road_ENG.pdf
The article by Alan Abrahamson on Shelby Houlihan and US attitudes to doping: https://www.3wiresports.com/articles/2022/7/29/americans-insist-they-care-about-doping-in-sports-and-then-theres-shelby-houlihan
Mathieu van der Poel on altitude and his TDF struggles: https://www.stickybottle.com/latest-news/van-der-poel-suspects-altitude-training-to-blame-for-tour-slump/
News of a change in the RFU’s policy on trans players: https://www.englandrugby.com/news/article/rfu-council-votes-in-favour-of-change-to-gender-participation-policy
Marco Altini interview on HRV:
The four-part series by Marco on HRV, explaining what it is, how to measure it, and a lot of case studies:
Part 1: https://medium.com/@marco_alt/the-ultimate-guide-to-heart-rate-variability-hrv-part-1-70a0a392fff4
Part 2: https://medium.com/@marco_alt/the-ultimate-guide-to-heart-rate-variability-hrv-part-2-323a38213fbc
Part 3: https://medium.com/@marco_alt/the-ultimate-guide-to-heart-rate-variability-hrv-part-3-5fe902f3d2b3
Part 4: https://medium.com/@marco_alt/the-ultimate-guide-to-heart-rate-variability-hrv-part-4-909b52f71131
The website of HRV4Training: https://www.hrv4training.com/
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Tue, 02 Aug 2022 - 1h 53min - 87 - Tour de France / World Athletics Champs Wrap: Insights & Science
09:13 - 2022 World Athletics Championships: From suspect timing systems to the accidental super shoe, the biannual celebration of track and field served up a feast of talking points including what the future of the sport may look like.
57:37 - Tour de France: The fans conundrum: Most exciting Tour in years or are we in the middle of a new performance-enhancing substance era? What we know.
SHOW NOTES
The article that caught the eye of Patron Liam Fergus, describing Ryan Crouser’s diet: https://www.worldathletics.org/news/feature/ryan-crouser-usa-shot-put-perfection
The study that found no relationship between fat-free mass and shot put performance, discussed in the Caught my Eye segment: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46403565_Body_Composition_and_Performance_in_Shot_Put_Athletes_at_Preseason_and_at_Competition
Sean Ingle’s piece on the shoes worn by Nigeria’s 100m hurdles WR break Tobi Amusan: https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/jul/25/tobi-amusan-shatters-100m-hurdles-world-record-to-reignite-super-shoes-debate
The Letsrun.com compilation of data suggesting something was up with the timing system in Eugene: https://www.letsrun.com/news/2022/07/was-devon-allen-screwed-theres-at-least-a-99-9-chance-that-he-was/
The 2009 Study suggesting a change in the reaction time allowed in sprint events: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278022260_IAAF_Sprint_Start_Research_Project_Is_the_100_ms_limit_still_valid
A piece looking at the contribution of doping, anti-doping and technology to the speed of professional cycling: https://cyclingtips.com/2022/06/why-has-worldtour-racing-gotten-so-fast-an-investigation/
Thibault Pinot’s comments on the two speeds in the peloton: https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/racing/there-is-still-cycling-at-two-speeds-thibaut-pinot-speaks-out-on-cortisone-and-ketone-use-in-the-peloton-490284
Joe Lindsey’s excellent article on Pogacar’s time loss to Vinegaard in the Tour, describing the CP model and the fueling issues that may have been responsible. https://www.bicycling.com/tour-de-france/a40632389/what-happened-to-tadej-pogacar/
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Wed, 27 Jul 2022 - 1h 37min - 86 - Patrons Q&A: Heart Rate Zones Explained / The Best Stance For Recovery / TUE's in Pro Sport And More!
From understanding heart rate zones to the best stance for recovery, the use of TUE's in sport after the Rafael Nadal-Thibaut Pinot controversy and how heat training affects haemoglobin production in training. Plus much more. We answer the most intriguing questions from our Patron supporters.
Support us on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/thescienceofsport
SHOW NOTES:
The podcast we did on the DSDs https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/caster-semenya-explaining-sex-vs-gender-in-sport/id1461719225?i=1000437011090
A clear and concise explanation of the three-zone system of moderate, heavy and severe exercise to guide your zone training: https://drmarkburnley.wordpress.com/2020/08/31/exercise-intensity-domains-and-phase-transitions-the-power-duration-relationship/
The article showing that hands-on-knees beats hands-on-head for heart rate recovery and breathing:
The article showing how training easy in the heat increases haemoglobin mass, even in elite cyclists: physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1113/EP088544?campaign=wolacceptedarticle
British Fell runner survives a body temperature of 18.8C:
itv.com/news/border/2022-06-24/man-found-clinically-dead-saved-after-leaving-blood-trails-in-snow
Article on the UCI change to, among other things, gear ratio rulings for youth cycling: https://cyclingtips.com/2022/06/uci-scraps-the-junior-gear-restriction-relaxes-tt-position-rules/
The comments of Pinot and Martin about Nadal: https://road.cc/content/news/pinot-and-martin-question-nadal-injections-293447
A paper by a sports ethics expert describing the TUE dilemma in sport: https://philpapers.org/rec/PIKTUE
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Tue, 19 Jul 2022 - 2h 03min - 85 - SPECIAL: How To Hang Tough Like A Royal Marine
Former Royal Marine, Green Beret and now amateur cyclist Richy Poynter transports us deep into the mindset and training of an elite soldier. From physical fitness to both emotional and mental challenges, Poynter offers a fascinating insight into what it takes to make it through and how some of the lessons he learnt as a soldier have made him a better sportsman.
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Tue, 05 Jul 2022 - 1h 22min - 84 - How Cold Affects Exercise
From the extremes of cold water swimming to how the body loses heat and hyperthermia. The team takes a deep dive into the fascinating physiological effect of cold on the exercising body, how to deal with it and what you can expect when the temperatures drop
Show notes and links:
The study that measured how long it took for heart rate, daily activity and sleep to return to normal after Covid-19 infection by using people's fitbit dataThe Nature paper that finds increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease after covid-19 infectionAn article by Mike Tipton on cold water hypothermia and survival, published in The LancetThe paper on the skier who survived a temperature on 13.7 degrees, written by the treating physicianOne example of research that studies the cold-shock response and how regular cold water immersion reduces the intensity of the response Get bonus content on PatreonHosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Thu, 23 Jun 2022 - 1h 10min - 83 - Should Women's Soccer Have Different Rules? / Is African Cycling Finally On The Rise?
The team take on three different subjects in our new segment called 'Caught My Eye." We tackle the subject of how different rules and regulations in women's soccer can improve the quality of the game to the potential of African riders to start dominating world cycling and the relationship between sleep and concussion in impact sports.
Show Notes:
The study on brain oxygenation in Kenyan runners that Ross was part of: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28321639/
A paper analysing the Kenyan running phenomenon that Ross published: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264745551_Analysis_of_the_Kenyan_Distance-Running_Phenomenon
The study on scaling football in women based on physical differences: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00762/full
People To Follow
Marco Altini on Twitter - @altini_marco
Sian Allen on twitter - @DrSianAllen
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Wed, 15 Jun 2022 - 1h 08min - 82 - EXCLUSIVE: How Adidas Took On Nike In The Shoe Wars
The team take a critical look at an interview with Simon Lockett, Global Category Director of Running Footwear at adidas. Simon and his team are involved in the overall strategy, product creation, and go-to-market approach for a number of franchises including ADIZERO racing footwear and the Duramo franchise. He works together with a team of expert product managers who work alongside design and development to produce the world’s fastest running shoes. But have adidas succeeded in taking on Nike and were they sent into panic mode when the US giant released the first super shoe back in 2016?
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Tue, 07 Jun 2022 - 1h 10min - 81 - Doping and the Curious Case of Shelby Houlihan
Excuses for doping are as varied as the drugs available on Amazon (yep, it's that easy!). But what does it take to be a doper? Are authorities winning the war and is American track superstar Shelby Houlihan really guilty of being a doper herself? The team unpack it all in this latest update on the war against performance-enhancing drugs.
Show notes:
Read more about the topics discussed in this podcast here:
Ross' detailed technical analysis of the Shelby Houlihan caseThe Q&A that LetsRun.com does with Ross on the caseThe full CAS decision in the Shelby Houlihan caseA review of the risk of contamination of supplementsA second review on the risk of inadvertent doping through supplement use Get bonus content on PatreonHosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Tue, 17 May 2022 - 1h 08min - 80 - How The Pros Train (And What We Can Learn From It)
From top level cyclists to world-class runners and speedskaters, pro training regimes offer a fascinating look into what it takes to count yourself among the world's best. Recent research among top-level athletes is also leading us to question entrenched training methods as sports scientists continue to learn more about the way the body adapts and reacts to exercise.
SHOW NOTES:
The study of world class distance runners’ training - https://sportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40798-022-00438-7.pdf
A study comparing polarized training to a high threshold pyramidal training model, as mentioned in the show: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jonathan-Esteve/publication/237096628_Does_Polarized_Training_Improve_Performance_in_Recreational_Runners/links/0a85e530cba391399a000000/Does-Polarized-Training-Improve-Performance-in-Recreational-Runners.pdf
Marius Bakken’s website, which describes the Norweigan model: http://www.mariusbakken.com/the-norwegian-model.html
The training approach of Nils van der Poel: https://www.howtoskate.se/
One of Stephen Seiler’s early descriptions of the polarized training of elite athletes: https://paulogentil.com/pdf/Quantifying%20training%20intensity%20distribution%20in%20elite%20endurance%20athletes%20-%20is%20there%20evidence%20for%20an%20optimal%20distribution.pdf
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Thu, 21 Apr 2022 - 54min - 79 - CYCLING SPECIAL: The Science of Cadence / Van der Poel's Incredible Numbers / Colbrelli's Health Scare
In this cycling special, we take a deep dive into the numbers that helped Mathieu van Poel win the Tour of Flanders, why new research on cadence has challenged decades-old beliefs and how sportspeople with heart problems may still be able to compete at the top level thanks to modern technology.
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Wed, 13 Apr 2022 - 1h 03min - 78 - The Lia Thomas Controversy: Anger in the Age of Trans Gender Sport
Transgender athlete Lia Thomas recently won the 500-yard title at the US National College Swimming (NCAA) Championships triggering an uproar and suggesting that her participation may have wide-ranging implications for women's sport. At the recent MIT Sloan Sports Analytics Conference in Boston, Prof. Ross Tucker was invited as a guest to discuss the transgender issue in sport and discusses the issue here in the context of the Thomas affair.
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Thu, 24 Mar 2022 - 1h 01min - 77 - The Future Of The Olympics: Are They Heading For Obscurity?
Viewership figures are down, fewer cities want to host them and their integrity is being seriously challenged. What does the future of the Winter and Summer Olympic Games look like? The team talk to the Chief Sports Reporter of the UK's The Guardian, Sean Ingle, and renowned author, journalist and columnist David Epstein to present the facts and the challenges facing the Games and potentially the solutions to help them survive.
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Thu, 24 Feb 2022 - 1h 40min - 76 - The Science of Endurance: Fuel & Hydration
Prof. Ross Tucker and sports journalist Mike Finch break down the various forms of energy the body uses, how they work, how we fuel them and when to use what. Plus learn to decipher the ingredients in energy supplements, understand why carbs are still king and how best to train your body to become an efficient endurance machine. A must-listen for any endurance athlete.
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Tue, 15 Feb 2022 - 1h 21min - 75 - Winter Olympic Special: The Science of Ice Hockey, Cross Country Skiing and Biathlon
What makes world-class ice hockey players, cross-country skiers or biathletes? We ask two experts to help explain the special set of skills needed to compete at the top level, the challenges athletes face and the training they do to compete. If you've never understood anything about the Winter Olympics here's your chance to take a deep dive into three of the most fascinating disciplines.
Guest Biographies:
Tommy Lundbergis a consultant to the Swedish Ice Hockey Federation along with his job as a lecturer and researcher at the Division of Clinical Physiology at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden. Follow him on Twitter @TLexercise
Kerry McGawley is a senior researcher and Associate Professor at Sweden's Winter Sports Research Centre. She is actively involved in performance development among Sweden's top winter sports athletes. Follow her on Twitter @KerryMcGawley
Support the Science of Sport podcast https://www.patreon.com/thescienceofsport
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Tue, 08 Feb 2022 - 1h 33min - 74 - The Science of Endurance
Welcome to endurance month! In this episode the team break down the mechanics of endurance, the five challenges that long-distance athletes face, how the body changes the longer we exercise and why humans are more adapted to going long than any other living creature on the planet. We also ask whether excessive exercise is always good for you and look back at the lessons learnt from endurance athletes of yesteryear.
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Tue, 01 Feb 2022 - 1h 23min - 73 - The Effects of Heat on Exercise
Welcome to Season 4 of the Science of Sport Podcast! So what happens to our bodies when the temperatures go up? The team dig into the mechanics of exercising in hot conditions, how to cope with extremes, the differences are between heat stroke and heat exhaustion, when it's too hot to train and why sporting event organisers should all have a heat policy to safeguard participants.
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Tue, 25 Jan 2022 - 1h 14min - 72 - Bonus episode: Brief thoughts on the Lia Thomas transgender controversy, and a year end salute
In this bonus episode, Ross shares brief thoughts on the latest, inevitable and increasingly volatile controversy in the transgender athlete debate. Swimmer Lia Thomas has been shattering university records, setting the fastest times in the USA, and is well on the way to becoming the highest profile trans women athlete to date. Her times as Lia are within sight not only of legends of US women's swimming, but also very close to what she swam as Will Thomas, prior to a period of suppressing testosterone to become eligible for women's sport. This confirms what science has shown, that biological and performance advantages of males cannot be undone by a period of testosterone suppression. What next? Ross shares some insights, explaining how Thomas is the result of a system that has failed women from the top, how women are now being told to hold their thoughts, science be damned, and why the argument about winning and being unbeatable is spurious, and how Thomas refutes an old and incorrect rebuttal saying "if there is an advantage, where are all the medalists?". Also, a 2021 Christmas wish, and thanks for listening to the podcast in 2021.
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Thu, 16 Dec 2021 - 26min - 71 - Bonus episode: Facts and fallacies in the trans athlete debate, a conversation with Dr Emma Hilton
In this bonus episode, Ross sits down with Dr Emma Hilton, a developmental biologist who has outspokenly defended women's sport and explained the science and physiology of male vs female sporting performance differences. In a candid conversation, she shares insights ranging from political to philosophical, both personal and scientific. Why is the recent IOC Framework such a failure of leadership and setback for women? What do we make of trans men in men's sport? How should sports respond to sex reassignment during childhood? What are the most compelling arguments for and against inclusion, and how should fallacies like the length of Michael Phelps' arms steer our thinking about fairness in sport, and the need to protect the women's sporting category? All these questions, and more, answered in this wide ranging interview, which was initially broadcast live on Twitter Spaces on 25 November.
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Fri, 26 Nov 2021 - 1h 31min - 70 - S3 E27: Why the IOC's Recent Guidelines on Transgender Athletes Raise So Many Questions
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) recently announced controversial new transgender guidelines which could threaten the future of women's sport. But what does the evidence say and why did the IOC ignore the science? Mike Finch and Prof. Ross Tucker explain all.
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Wed, 17 Nov 2021 - 50min - 69 - S3 E26: The Coaches: Why Mindset Matters
Responders and non-responders are easily identified but poorly understood. Elite coach and sports scientist John Kiely from the Institute of Coaching & Performance, University of Central Lancashire, discusses why our response to training is about more than just genetics, offers tips on how to change mindset and trust in the process and if neurobiology can unlock training benefits for all.
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Wed, 10 Nov 2021 - 1h 08min - 68 - S3 E25: Why a Five-Year-Old Premier League Recruit Is Just Madness
Coaching development specialist Stuart Armstrong, of Sport England, discusses the role of sport in childhood development with Prof. Ross Tucker. The two answer controversial questions from our Patreon supporters and delve into the murky world of early recruitment and why healthy sport has nothing to do with future champions.
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Wed, 03 Nov 2021 - 1h 33min - 67 - S3 E24: Lachlan Morton And The Quest For Cycling Nirvana
Lachlan Morton is an Australian cyclist famous for taking on audacious endurance challenges, including his recent solo 5500km Alt. Tour de France. In this interview Morton talks about his philosophy, how he gets through the tough moments and how he and his EF Education-Nippo team come up with his crazy challenges. Funny and inspiring, Morton is a unique voice in the world of professional sport.
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Wed, 27 Oct 2021 - 48min - 66 - S3 E23: Future Champion or Lifelong Athlete? The Coaching Kids Conundrum
Stuart Armstrong has made a career coaching sport and his role at Sport England is to help coach the coaches and make sport and exercise accessible to all. In this interview, Armstrong talks through the challenges of balancing the thirst for future champions and creating a healthy environment for kids and teenagers to thrive... no matter what their ability. It's a must-listen for parents, coaches and administrators alike.
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Tue, 19 Oct 2021 - 1h 09min - 65 - Bonus episode: Should rugby reduce the number of substitutes to lower injury risk
In the ongoing debate and discussion about the risk of injury in rugby, many people have suggested that cutting the number of substitutes is the easiest and most obvious "fix". The truth, however, is a little more complex than this, because there are grounds to suggest that doing this will backfire and make the situation worse, not better. That's why decision-makers in the sport have to prioritize evidence when making decisions. In this bonus episode, Ross shares the two models in play for the substitute-case, and explains how research is needed to identify which model holds sway, and what this means for player welfare decisions in the sport.
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Thu, 14 Oct 2021 - 13min - 64 - S3 E22: The Science of Sleep Q&A
In this follow-up podcast, sleep science specialist Dr Dale Rae returns to answer all your questions from polyphasic sleeping, eating right for your sleep type, finding your optimum sleep time and coping with frustrating 3am insomnia.
Follow Sleep Science on Instagram on @sleepscience_ or visit their website on www.sleepscience.co.za
You can also support the Science of Sport Podcast on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/thescienceofsport
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Tue, 12 Oct 2021 - 1h 14min - 63 - S3 E21: An All Black Legend on Why Rugby Needs New Contact Guidelines
All Black legend Conrad Smith, from the International Rugby Players body, talks to Prof. Ross Tucker on World Rugby's newly-released guidelines for contact in rugby training, how it will hopefully impact player welfare and why the new guidelines are not as radical as they, at first, seem.
The contact load guidelines we discuss can be found at this link: https://www.world.rugby/the-game/player-welfare/medical/contact-load
And the full guideline document (which we encourage you to read) available here: https://resources.world.rugby/worldrugby/document/2021/09/22/d2bd955b-1a87-438d-805b-398e3e099752/210806-Contact-Load-guidelines-final-for-website-.pdf
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Tue, 05 Oct 2021 - 1h 05min - 62 - Bonus episode: It is time to choose: How a new transgender guidance policy shifts the conversation and demands difficult decisions
The UK Sports Councils have released guidelines on transgender participation in sport, following an exhaustive and comprehensive review process. The two key points made are: 1) to confirm that the current policy that suppresses testosterone for twelve months is not fit for purpose, because advantages are retained even after testosterone is reduced, and 2) that "categorization by sex is lawful" (it also states that this categorization remains the most useful and functional division relative to sporting performance.
The implications of those two statements alone are profound, and they effectively mandate the sports to make a choice between three options, also offered in the guidelines. In this bonus episode, Ross explains what they are, what this all means, and perhaps most importantly, discusses revelations from the report about fear and anxiety from those who don't believe in inclusion and fairness, and how they've been threatened into silence or compliance on this issue. That should be alarming, but the presence of this report should be encouraging. What happens next? Nobody knows, but this podcast has you covered for where we are now.
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Fri, 01 Oct 2021 - 27min - 61 - S3 E20: THE COACHES: Neal Henderson - Secrets of Physiology and Psychology in Endurance Sport
American Neal Henderson is one of the most celebrated coaches in endurance sports - particularly triathlon and cycling. Having coached pros like cyclists Rohan Dennis and Evelyn Stevens to Hour records (and most recently bronze in the Olympic time trial for Dennis), Henderson has trained all levels from first-time finishers to national and World champions and several Olympians. He most recently travelled to the Tokyo Olympics for the Australian cycling team but has served on multiple coaching committees for both USA cycling and triathlon. He is currently the head of sport science at Wahoo with a strong interest in using science in his coaching methods. Ross caught up with him at his home in Boulder, Colorado.
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Wed, 15 Sep 2021 - 1h 19min - 60 - S3 E19: The Science of Nutrition in Sport
From weight loss to fuelling for performance, the team demystify the world of sports nutrition with leading sports nutrition specialist Prof. Graeme Close. Close is a Professor in Human Physiology at Liverpool's John Moores University where he combines his academic research with nutrition and physiology consultancy to some of the worlds leading sporting individuals and organisations. As well as a masters degree in sports nutrition Close is currently the expert nutrition consultant to England Rugby, has been the lead nutritionist to Everton Football Club and works with some of the worlds leading golfers such as Jason Day, the British Number 1 tennis player Johanna Konta and with many Rugby League players.
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Wed, 08 Sep 2021 - 1h 18min - 59 - S3 E18: Olympic Special: The Science of Climbing
Climbing makes its debut at the Tokyo Olympics and the format is both controversial and fascinating. Here's all you need to know about one of the four new sports being showcased in 2022 from UK-based climbing specialist Ollie Torr.
Ollie is one of the founders of Lattice Training, and also works as a coach within the company. With an extensive list of qualifications and experience to his name, Ollie’s knowledge within the field of coaching, training and sports science is extensive. He has an undergrad degree in Sports Science (First Class Honours), a Masters degree in Strength and Conditioning (Distinction), holds a Personal Training Level 3 qualification and is a Mountain Training Development coach. Alongside that, he has worked as a Personal Trainer for a variety of athletes over many years, deciding to specialise as a climbing coach around 10 years ago. Ollie has coached numerous junior and senior athletes, including the GB National Youth Climbing Team.
Ollie’s own climbing repertoire is varied and impressive. With 12 years of climbing under his belt, Ollie has climbed Fat Lip V13, Mecca Extension 8c, and has some memorable experiences on the North Face of the Eiger. One of his major goals is to climb some hard Alpine multi-pitch routes and Action Direct 9a at Frankenjura.
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Sun, 01 Aug 2021 - 49min - 58 - S3 E17: Olympic Special: The Science of Sprinting
Stuart McMillan is one of the world's most respected sprint coaches. Currently in his 25th year of professional coaching, McMillan has worked with professional and amateur athletes in a variety of sports - with the focus being on power and speed development. He is an accredited S&C and Sprints Coach and has personally coached over 70 Olympians at 7 Olympic Games; over 30 of whom have won Olympic medals. The team take an in-depth look at the science and technique of track sprinting, how the fast train, what motivates them and the psychology that helps them win at the top level.
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Thu, 29 Jul 2021 - 1h 10min - 57 - S3 E16: Olympic Special: The Science of Gymnastics
The team are joined by gymnastics coach, biomechanist and former competitor Dr Helen Bayne to talk through the scoring systems, debate the controversies and pick the favourites for this year's Tokyo Games. PLUS: Is Simone Biles really the greatest gymnast of all time?
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Mon, 26 Jul 2021 - 56min - 56 - S3 E15: I Rode Half the Tour de France Solo and This is What Happened + 2021 TDF Wrap-Up
SOS Podcast co-host Prof. Ross Tucker took on the challenge of riding half the distance of each 2021 Tour de France stage to see how he would cope. This is what he discovered about himself, his body and his mind after over 60 hours of riding in three weeks. PLUS the team wrap up the 2021 Tour de France, look at the top performers and ask the questions on everyone's lips.
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Wed, 21 Jul 2021 - 49min - 55 - S3 E14: Tour de France: Can Tadej Pogačar's Domination Be Trusted?
Slovenian Tadej Pogačar has dominated the 2021 Tour de France but questions about his performance remain given cycling's doping history. How much do we know? What can cycling do to become more transparent and is seeing really believing? The team also catch up with all the latest Olympic news including the recent State of Emergency announced in Tokyo, new confirmed doping violations and two teenage athletes who will be forced to change events after being confirmed as having a DSD condition.
SHOW NOTES:
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Fri, 09 Jul 2021 - 1h 03min
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