Surgery 101

In this episode, we'll walk through the structure of prenatal visits, the timeline of investigations, trimester-specific considerations, and the rationale behind medications and routine testing.

By the end of this podcast, learners will be able to:

● Describe the timeline and structure of prenatal care visits.

● List the key investigations done at each stage of pregnancy.

● Outline the routine prenatal screening and imaging.

● Explain which medications and interventions are commonly recommended in pregnancy.

After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to:

1. Describe the anatomy and blood supply of the distal colon and rectum.

2. List what is resected and what is reconnected during a low anterior resection.

3. Describe the major differences between a low anterior resection and an abdominoperineal resection, and the indications for each.

4. Outline risk factors for anastomotic leak after a low anterior resection.

After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to:

1. Describe the anatomy and blood supply of the proximal colon.

2. Outline the principles of resection for colon cancer.

3. List what is resected and what is reconnected during a right hemicolectomy.

4. Describe what is required for a successful anastomosis in colorectal surgery.

After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to:

1. Describe different types of stomas, including ileostomy, colostomy, urostomy, and mucus fistula.

2. Explain the indications for a permanent versus temporary ostomy.

3. Evaluate the type of stoma a patient has based on clinical history, location, appearance, and output.

Today, we're going to discuss the topic of laryngeal cancer, a difficult head and neck cancer which has significantly improved prognosis if caught early.

Laryngeal cancer is a type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, or HNSCC for short. It typically arises from the epithelial lining of the larynx.

After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to understand what laryngeal cancer is, risk factors of laryngeal cancer, common presentations of laryngeal cancer, basics of its diagnosis and treatment, and finally mimics of laryngeal cancer.

After listening to this podcast, you should be able to:

The close of the 20th century saw endoscopy and laparoscopy evolve from passive optical tools into dynamic platforms that integrated real-time guidance, autonomous movement, and computational interpretation for navigation, diagnosis, and therapy.

By the mid-20th century, endoscopy's long-standing challenge of safely illuminating internal structures was transformed by postwar advances—especially Harold Hopkins's 1950s rod-lens system, which enabled brighter, distortion-free, miniaturized imaging that could reliably guide clinical decisions.

By the mid-20th century, endoscopy and laparoscopy were ready for major advancement. Although instruments had evolved into semi-flexible designs, visualization was still limited by glass optics and heat-producing light sources. A breakthrough toward fully flexible, high-resolution imaging emerged through the combined demands of surgery and advances in optical physics, driven by the pioneering work of Harold Hopkins and Basil Hirschowitz.

By the early 20th century, endoscopy had evolved from candle-lit brass tubes into electrically illuminated rigid instruments. The decisive shift toward flexibility — the stage upon which Rudolf Schindler would make his contribution — was the product of several converging advances in optics, illumination, and instrument design that began in the late 19th century.

By the mid-19th century, improvements in illumination and optics transformed endoscopy from a theoretical idea into a practical clinical tool, culminating in Antoine Jean Desormeaux's work in Paris in 1853. Building on Bozzini's Lichtleiter and frustrated by diagnostic limits of palpation, Desormeaux replaced candlelight with a brighter, controllable source known as the gazogène.

In 1806, physician Philipp Bozzini introduced the Lichtleiter, a candle-lit, mirror-lined instrument designed for direct visual inspection of internal organs—an idea far ahead of its time and initially met with skepticism. Though dismissed by many contemporaries, the device is now recognized as the first true endoscope, establishing Bozzini as the founder of endoscopy.

Technological progress in medicine, as in other fields, emerges from the interplay of incremental refinement and decisive breakthroughs—those moments when a missing element is discovered and the path forward suddenly accelerates. The evolution of endoscopic surgery over the last century illustrates this well. Yet even today, the terminology surrounding procedures that employ scopes is often misunderstood. "Endoscopy" and "laparoscopy" are frequently used interchangeably, though they refer to distinct techniques, instruments, and purposes.

After listening to this episode, learners should be able to:

- Outline the theory and physics of laser refractive surgery

- Describe the differences between PRK, LASIK, and SMILE

- List key indica1ons, exclusions, and essential pre-op tests

- Explain common risks, benefits, and complications of laser eye surgery

After listening to this episode, learners should be able to:

1. Explain the anatomy and optics of the eye related to the optical axis of the eye

2. Describe common refractive errors

3. Explain how refractive errors are measured

4. Recognize important red flags for non-refractive causes of vision loss

5. Summarize current vision correction options

After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to:

● Describe the important features of medical history related to arterial ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers

● Recognize the important physical exam findings associated with arterial ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers

● Outline a treatment plan for patients with Arterial ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers

After listening to his podcast, learners will be able to:

● List four wound prep principles and five patient related factors for caring for patients with chronic wounds

● Describe the important features of the medical history related to venous ulcers

● Recognize the important physical exam signs associated with venous ulcers

● Outline a treatment plan for a patient with a chronic venous ulcer

In this Current Conversation podcast on Wellness and Self-Care, Surgery 101 is joined by ER physician Dr. Grant Kennedy from the Rockyview General Hospital in Calgary, Canada. Hosted by Surgery 101 co-founder Dr. Jonathan White, this podcast episode covers the timely topic of physician burnout and how to combat it, which isn't talked about enough in medical school and residency education.

To protect himself from burnout Dr. Kennedy uses his love of music and songwriting to shift his focus away from his job and its stresses and traumas, which allows him to create a better space to work in and to enables him to take care of others.

Keep an eye out for future Current Conversations podcast episodes, and let us know what you'd like to hear, and who you would like to hear from, in a future episode.

GET IN TOUCH:

GRANT KENNEDY MUSIC:

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-cCvS4eRGKzV8DHMscw4gA/featured

Twitter: https://twitter.com/kennedyGCK

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Grant-Kennedy-Music-1850721385229697/

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/gkennedymusic/

Website: www.grantkennedy.ca

SURGERY 101

LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/company/surgery101

Twitter: https://twitter.com/surgery_101

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/surgery101

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/surgery.101

Website: www.surgery101.org

By the end of this episode learners will be able to:

Describe the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy Recognize the clinical presentation of diabetic retinopathy including history and physical findings List and describe various related treatment options including the risks and benefits, effectivity, and common complications Describe management and routine screening for diabetic retinopathy

In this timely and very much needed video episode, Surgery 101 is joined by Dr. Lisa Richardson from the University of Toronto and discusses Anti-Indigenous racism in the Canadian Healthcare system. She offers her insights into how medical schools should incorporate Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion discourse and learning into their curriculum, and how truth is an important first step towards reconciliation in the future.

Dr. Richardson is Associate Dean, Inclusion & Diversity, at the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, and the Indigenous Health Strategic Lead at Women's College Hospital in Toronto, Canada.

We're living in the 21st century and there are a lot of issues are are important in the world today. Be it inclusive medicine, racism in the healthcare system, understanding LGBTQIA2S and other big conversations, Surgery 101 is poised to respond, as well as be a thought leader in having these difficult conversations. We made this video to talk through why we are making it a point to have these conversations.

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to:

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to:

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to:

Dr. Arman Abdalkhani talks to Yu Qi Wu on the subject of tracheostomies during the COVID 19 pandemic.

After listening to this podcast, the learner will be able to,

After listening to this podcast, students should be able to:

After listening to this podcast, students should be able to:

In this episode Madeline McDonald interviews Dr. Najma Ahmed who is the co-founder of Canadian Doctors for Protection from Guns. Madeline and Dr. Ahmed discuss various topics from mentorship and physician advocacy to gun control and the government's responsibilty to address gun violence as a public health emergency.

By the end of this podcast, you will be able to:

By the end of this podcast, you should be able to:

Identify key features on history and physical examination suggestive of flexor tendon injury; List the implications of primary versus secondary repairs; Identify key structures relevant to the management of a flexor tendon injuries; Discuss surgical and non-surgical options for the treatment of flexor tendon injuries; Identify potential complications of flexor tendon injuries.

By the end of this podcast, the listener will be able to:

By the end of this podcast, you should be able to:

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to:

Describe key structures relevant to the management of a nail bed injury; List key features on history and physical examination suggestive of a nail bed injury; Outline the initial management for a patient with a nail bed injury; Discuss surgical and non-surgical options for the treatment of nail bed injuries; Identify and describe potential complications of nail bed injuries.

At the end of this podcast, listeners should be able to:

Describe an approach to a patient presenting with a digital amputation; Describe an approach to classifying digital amputations; List the indications and contraindications of digital replantation; State the operative sequence of a digital replantation surgery; Recall the key points related to post-operative care.

By the end of this podcast, listeners will be able to:

In this video, Dr. Jonathan White from Surgery 101 discusses the concept of inclusive medicine, as well as other aspects of diversity, and physician self-care with Queensland Australian of the Year (2021), Dr. Dinesh Palipana, disability advocate, and Australia's only quadriplegic ER doctor.

In this video, Awrad Nasralla and Armin Rouhi discuss pneumothorax, it's pathophysiology, classification, and diagnosis of pneumothorax clinically and radiologically, and the management of pneumothorax.

Oral cavity cancers are malignant neoplasms of epithelium or minor salivary glands in the mouth.

After listening to this podcast, the listener should be able to:

After listening to this episode of Surgery 101, listeners will be able to:

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to:

Describe a general approach to gun shot wounds (or GSW) in the Trauma Bay or Emergency Department. Explain the difference between low velocity and high velocity guns. Describe the pathophysiology and common patterns of injury in gunshot wounds. Identify medical and surgical management principles for GSW.

After listening to this podcast, you should be able to:

After listening to this podcast, you should be able to:

Define chronic pancreatitis Identify the main causes and pathophysiology behind chronic pancreatitis Identify the main presenting symptoms of chronic pancreatitis Describe the workup and investigations for chronic pancreatitis Describe the treatment plan for chronic pancreatitis, including surgical and non-surgical options

After listening to this podcast listeners should be able to:

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to:

Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS).

After listening to this podcast, listeners will be able to:

Define and recognize SBS in post-surgical patients

Describe the pathophysiology of SBS

List prognostic factors for SBS

Describe the basis and indications for medical and surgical therapy for SBS.

The parathyroid glands are important organs implicated in the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Due to their small size, complicated physiology and variable location they proved difficult for early clinicians and scientists to fully understand. Today, disease of the parathyroid glands is a commonly recognized endocrine disorder that is often managed surgically.

By the end of this podcast, listeners will be able to:

Describe the anatomy and function of parathyroid glands Discuss common pathophysiology involved in parathyroid disease Outline the management of parathyroid disease List complications of parathyroid surgery

Obstructive sleep apnea or OSA is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder. Repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep causes obstructive apneas, hypopneas, and sleep fragmentation. OSA is distinguished from central sleep apnea which is attributable to an underlying neurological cause. The prevalence of OSA estimated between 1.5-4 percent and is more common in older males. In this episode, we will discuss the relevant anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical presentation as well as surgical evaluation, management, and complications.

By the end of this podcast, listeners will be able to:

Define obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) Discuss anatomy related to OSA Discuss surgical management options for OSA List complications of surgery for OSA

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) attempts to restore normal physiologic function of the sinuses via correction of underlying anatomical abnormalities and obstruction. The term functional refers to strategies aimed at preserving the natural drainage pathways of the sinuses. It is important to note that FESS does not cure sinonasal disease but rather facilitates the healing process by improving sinus ventilation and drainage allowing for gradual resolution of mucosal disease. Post-surgical changes also facilitate the delivery of saline and intranasal steroid medications to the paranasal sinus cavities. In this episode, we will discuss the relevant anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with a specific emphasis on functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)

Learning Objectives

Describe the anatomy and function of the paranasal sinuses Define functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) Define chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) List the complications of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)

Hoarseness is a common complaint in primary care. It denotes a dysphonia originating from the vocal cords of the larynx. It describes any change in voice quality. It is important to remember it is a symptom of underlying pathology and not a diagnosis. In this episode, we will discuss the relevant anatomy, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of common causes of hoarseness.

By the end of this podcast, listeners will be able to:

Define hoarseness Explain common etiologies contributing to hoarseness List the treatment options for the common causes of hoarseness

This is the 4th episode in a 4-part series covering complications at the time of vaginal delivery. This episode is brought to you by Leah Rusnell a fourth-year medical student at the University of Saskatchewan in Regina. Yesterday, we discussed the delivery of twins and in this episode, we'll look at the management of umbilical cord prolapse.

After listening to this episode, listeners will be able to:

List the risk factors for umbilical cord prolapse. Describe the signs of cord prolapse that should alert suspicion for the diagnosis. Outline a management plan for cord prolapse.

This is the 3rd episode of a four-part series covering complications at the time of vaginal delivery. This episode is brought to you by Leah Rusnell a fourth-year medical student at the University of Saskatchewan in Regina. The previous episodes discussed operative vagina delivery and the management of breech deliveries. This episode discusses the delivery of twins and the complications associated with them.

After listening to this episode, you will be able to:

1. Identify the types of twinning based on chorionicity and amnionicity. 2. List the predisposing factors for a twin or multiple gestation pregnancy and associated risks for the mother and fetuses. 3. Outline a prenatal management plan for a twin pregnancy. 4. List the different types of presentations at the time of vaginal delivery. 5. Outline the specific considerations required at the time of labor and delivery of twins.

This is the 2nd episode in a 4-part series covering complications at the time of vaginal delivery. This episode is brought to you by Leah Rusnell a fourth-year medical student at the University of Saskatchewan in Regina. Yesterday, we discussed operative vagina delivery and in this episode, we'll look at the management of breech deliveries.

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to:

Define the types of breech presentation. List the risk factors for breech presentation. Outline the timing, indications, contraindications, and technique required to perform an external cephalic version. Describe the controversy surrounding vaginal delivery of a breech baby. List the contraindications to planned vaginal breech delivery. List the requirements that must be met during the breech labor and delivery process.

This is the 1st episode in a 4-part series covering complications at the time of vaginal delivery. This episode is brought to you by Leah Rusnell a fourth-year medical student at the University of Saskatchewan in Regina. Today we will discuss operative vagina delivery.

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to:

1. Classify OVDs, also known as operative vaginal deliveries, and discuss the instrument options available to perform an OVD.

2. Identify the indications for and contraindications to an OVD.

3. Identify the fetal and maternal risks associated with OVD in comparison to a caesarean section.

4. List the pre-requisites and steps required to perform an OVD.

In this episode, we are joined by Vivian Leung, a 3rd-year medical student from McGill University. She will be discussing a case titled: "Chloe has a chole", and will be reviewing the management of acute cholecystitis. Vivian will touch upon the guidelines for antibiotic therapy, indications for urgent cholecystectomy, and the concept of risk stratification, which will serve as key information in determining whether your patient will benefit most from a surgical, versus non-surgical, management of acute cholecystitis.

After listening to this podcast, students will be able to:

In the episode 4th-year medical student Kaishan Aravinthan from the University of Saskatchewan discusses an overview of Zenker's Diverticulum.

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to:

Define the term Zenker's Diverticulum Identify and list the signs and symptoms of Zenker's Diverticulum Discuss the role of imaging in diagnosing Zenker's Diverticulum List and describe the various treatment options for Zenker's Diverticulum

In this episode 4th-year medical student Kaishan Aravinthan from the University of Saskatchewan discusses an overview of chronic rhinosinusitis.

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to:

Describe the patient presentation of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Identify the key signs and symptoms for the diagnosis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Differentiate and list the types of medical and surgical therapy options

In this episode, with the help of Dr. Scott Penner, a general surgeon practicing in Cambridge Memorial Hospital, 2nd-year medical student McMaster University student Nivedh Patro discusses an overview of hiatal hernias.

After listening to this podcast, listeners should be able to:

Define the different types of hiatal hernias Identify the main presenting symptoms of the different types of hiatal hernias, and distinguish emergent from non-emergent scenarios Describe the preoperative workup of hiatal hernias

In this podcast, Gaurav Talwar highlights some recent advances in the medical and surgical management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. He will build on the concepts introduced by Dr. White and Dr. Bistritz in their 2012 seven lecture series on IBD, so please be sure to listen to those podcasts as well.

By the end of this podcast, you should be able to:

Describe recent advances in the medical management of IBD including the mechanisms and indications of current biologics, biosimilars, and Tofacitinib, a small molecule drug. Outline recent advances in the surgical management of IBD including the impact of minimally invasive techniques and the evolving role of surgery. Explain the all-important role of multidisciplinary care for patients with IBD.

Student Yasmin Valji discusses Mediastinal Masses.

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to:

-Describe the anatomy of the mediastinum

-List the differential differential diagnosis of mediastinal masses

-Describe the clinical presentation of an anterior mediastinal mass

-Develop an approach to work up and treatment of mediastinal masses

Student Yasmin Valji discusses chest tube insertion and removal. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to:

A) List the indications for chest tube insertion

B) Describe the proper positioning and insertion technique for tube thoracostomy

C) List the complications of chest tube insertion

D) Describe the mechanism how the chest drainage system works

E) Troubleshoot improperly functioning chest tubes

F) Determine when a chest tube can be removed and describe proper removal technique

The Surgery 101 Team provides some thoughts on the COVID-19 pandemic. Dr. Jonathan White, Shannon Erichsen, Michelle Lindberg, Kellie Wright-Tootoosis and Patrick Ciechanski.

In this podcast, 4th-year medical student Mandy Litt form the University of Saskatchewan will review postpartum endometritis. After listening to this podcast, you should be able to:

In this podcast, 4th-year medical student Mandy Litt from the University of Saskatchewan discusses Postpartum Hypertension. After listening to this podcast, you should be able to: • Describe the various forms of hypertension in pregnancy and the postpartum period • Recognize the symptoms of this condition • Create a differential diagnosis of postpartum hypertension • Discuss the treatment options

In this podcast, 4th-year medical student Mandy Litt from the University of Saskatchewan discusses Postpartum Hemorrhage. After listening to this podcast, you should be able to: • Describe the risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage • Recognize the symptoms of this condition • Create a differential diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage • Construct an effective management plan and understand methods for prevention

In this podcast, 4th-year medical student Mandy Litt from the University of Saskatchewan will review maternal physiology. After listening to this podcast, you should be able to: • Understand the basic physiology that occurs during pregnancy and the postpartum period • Be able to recognize medical issues that can arise during these periods of time

Rebecca Afford is a 4th year medical student from the Northern Medical Program at UBC. This podcast has been created with help from Dr. Jonathan Misskey, vascular surgeon at Vancouver General Hospital.

The topic of today's podcast will be acute limb ischemia.

Alice Liu is a fourth year student at the University of British Columbia. Sarah Zahabi is a fourth year medical student at McGill University.

By the end of this podcast, listeners should be able to:

In this podcast Gaurang Joshi, a first year surgical resident at the University of Illinois in Chicago Metropolitian Group Hospitals, discusses Pulmonary Embolisms and Deep Vein Thrombosis.

After listening to this podcast you should be able to:

● Understand why the detection of PE is important

● Explain the pathophysiology of a PE

● Describe the clinical signs and presentation of a PE

● Recognize your Differential Diagnosis when suspecting a PE

● Know the treatment options

This week's episode is brought to you by medical student, Megan Spafford from the University of Saskatchewan, who will be discussing how to approach and acute abdomen.

After listening to this podcast you should be able to:

Define the term "acute abdomen "

Review the clinical presentation and diagnostic approach to patients presenting with

acute abdominal pain

Discuss critical aspects that may influence the management and timing of management

of patients with an acute abdomen.

List the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain

Develop an appropriate plan for the management of patients with acute abdominal pain

This weeks episode is brought to us by Jeyanth Inkaran a medical student at McMaster's medical school. Jeyanth will discuss the neurosurgical wonder of intracranial vascular malformations

Learning objectives are as follows:

What are the categories of vascular malformations and how do they typically present? What are the treatment options and potential consequences? How do you choose an ideal treatment? What imaging tools are useful for diagnosis?

This is the 2nd episode in a 2-part series on dealing with trauma. This episode is brought to you by Tiffany Paradis, a 4th year medical student at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec. Today we will discuss how to manage a patient who has undergone a trauma. In the last episode, we looked at initial assessment and resuscitation, and in this episode we'll look at the management of hemorrhage.

By the end of this podcast you should be able to:

This is the 1st episode in a 2-part series on dealing with trauma. This episode is brought to you by Tiffany Paradis, a 4th year medical student at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec. Today we will discuss how to manage a patient who has undergone a trauma. In this episode, we'll look at initial assessment and resuscitation, and in next week's episode we'll look at the management of hemorrhage.

By the end of this podcast you should be able to:

Will Dr. Anderson choose the blue soup? Join the Surgery 101 team as we start our adventure examining health systems. Can you handle the truth? What is Dr. Anderson willing to risk to take a closer look at the system? Interested in what happens next? Please leave us a comment.

This is the 3rd and final episode in a 3-part series on global surgery, brought to you by Betty Yibrehu, a 3rd year medical student at The George Washington University in Washington, D.C.. Today we will discuss how medical students can get involved in global surgery and some ethical considerations.

By the end of this podcast you should be able to:

This episode of Surgery 101 is the 2nd in a 3-part series about global surgery, and is brought to you by Betty Yibrehu, a 3rd year medical student at The George Washington University in Washington, D.C.. By the end of this podcast you should be able to:

In this episode of Surgery 101 Betty Yibrehu, a 3rd year medical student at The George Washington University in Washington, D.C., will discuss global surgery.

By the end of this podcast you should be able to:

In this video University of Saskatchewan medical student, Kate Elliott, discusses the complication associated with catheters and useful catheter skills.

In this video University of Saskatchewan medical student, Kate Elliott, discusses Catheterization and Catheter Care.

In this video University of Saskatchewan medical student, Kate Elliott, gives an introduction to Urinary Catheters.

In this video University of Saskatchewan medical student, Kate Elliott, discusses urinary diversions and other bladder augmentation

In this video, with the help of Dr. Kristin Black, a resident from the University of Alberta, 4th year medical student Julia Boucher discusses an approach to shoulder dystocia.

Shoulder dystocia is a complication that can occur during a vaginal delivery. It is an obstetrical emergency. Shoulder dystocia occurs when, after delivery of the fetal head, additional obstetrical maneuvers are required to deliver the fetal shoulders. It occurs in approximately 1% of births.

In this episode, with the help of Dr. Hyakutake, a gynecologist from the University of Alberta, 4th year medical student Julia Boucher discusses an overview of ovarian cancer.

After listening to this episode, learners should to be able to:

In this episode, with the help of Dr. Hyakutake, a gynecologist from the University of Alberta, 4th year University of Ottawa medical student Julia Boucher discusses the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, staging and treatment of cervical cancer.

After listening to this episode, learners should be able to:

In this week's episode University of Ottawa medical student, Julia Boucher, will be talking about cervical dysplasia. This is the first in a two part series on cervical cancer. She will begin by introducing the topic, why it is important, discuss the pathophysiology of cervical dysplasia. Then describe the risk factors and screening and prevention methods.

After listening to this episode, learners should be able to:

Surgery 101 has been around for a decade! We reached out to our former summer students to hear about the highlights of their time here. Thank-you to everyone who has contributed to our project over the last 10 years.

This week's episode is brought to you by medical student, Randolph Tulsie, and he will discuss Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU).

After listening to this podcast you should be able to:

This week's episode is from final year University of Calgary medical student, Uzair Jogiat. He will be discussing the presentation and management of portal hypertension.

After listening to this podcast you should be able to:

This week University of Calgary medical student, Uzair Jogiat discusses portal hypertension.

After listening to this podcast you should be able to:

This weeks' episode is brought to you by McMaster medical student Tyler McKechnie. medical student at McMaster University. He will be discussing lower gastrointestinal bleeding.

After listening to this podcast you should be able to:

This week's podcast is brought to you by McMaster medical student Tyler Mckechnie. This is one of two that will discuss the topic of gastrointestinal bleeding. In this podcast, we will address upper GI bleeds, while next podcast we will address lower GI bleeds.

After listening to this podcast you should be able to:

This week we are joined by 2nd and 3rd year University of Ottawa medical students, Aneesh Karir and Minh Huynh, who will be discussing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

After this podcast, you will be able to:

In this episode McMaster Medical student, Alick Wang, discusses intracranial or cerebral aneurysms.

After listening to this podcast you should be able to:

In this podcast McGill medical student, Kevin Gorsky, will discuss the topic of Failed Intubation.

After Listening to this podcast, the listener should be able to:

In this podcast McGill medical student, Kevin Gorsky, will discuss the topic of the Difficult Airway.

After Listening to this podcast, the listener should be able to:

In this special episode of the Surgery 101 Jenni Marshall, program assistant in digital education, shares a preview of our new kids podcast Surgery ABCs. This podcast was started to help teach kids about the human body and different healthcare careers they may encounter.

This episode is called "What happens if I break a bone?" and we will be explaining not what happens when you break a bone and the Dr. who helps fix it. You can find Surgery ABCs on iTunes, Spotify, Google Play, Libsyn, and our website.

In this episode Luckshi Rajendran, a visiting medical student from the University of British Columbia, will discuss Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return.

By the end of the podcast you should be able to: