Emergency Management Podcast

In this episode of the Emergency Management Podcast, we interview Deputy Chief Officer David Baker from the Victoria State Emergency Service (VICSES). The VICSES  is the control agency for flood, storm, tsunami earthquake and landslide in Victoria (Australia).

In this episode, we discuss:
What do SES volunteers do?
The volunteers at VICSES have a range of emergency management responsibilities. Volunteers respond to natural disasters including:

flood,
storm,
earthquake,
tsunami and
landslide.

SES volunteers also provide road rescue services.
VICSES also assist the Victoria Police in search and rescue operations.
Are all SES volunteers?
In 2018 VICSES  had approximately:

3,547 Operational volunteers
910 Support Volunteers
80 Permanent operational staff
120 Permanent support staff

VicSES Values
In 2017, VICSES started a process to define its values. VICSES values include:

We pride ourselves on our credibility
We are part of our community
Safety drives our decisions
Focused and adaptable
Together we are VICSES

VICSES Operational Capability Strategy
The aim of the Operational Capability Strategy is to explain both the rationale and the underpinning principles for the development and maintenance of operational capability of VICSES.
Emergency Services Infrastructure Authority
The aim of the Emergency Services Infrastructure Authority (ESIA) is to improve the delivery of emergency services infrastructure in Victoria. Currently, ESIA is delivering infrastructure for the Victoria State Emergency Service (VICSES), and Life Saving Victoria (LSV) built infrastructure projects and Marine Search and Rescue (MSAR) sector vessels.
We work as one
The ethos of "We work as one" is a shared goal identified by Emergency Management Victoria. "We work as one" places a priority on both government and agencies working together cooperatively to enable a flexible and networked response that supports the community.
The best piece of advice
Mark Crosweller, AFSM - "‘imagine the unimaginable’ and act accordingly" - Improving our capability to better plan for, respond to, and recover from severe-to-catastrophic level disasters by Mark Crosweller
 
Richard de Crespigny (Captain of QF32) - At the beginning of the Singapore/Sydney leg of flight QF32, one of four engines exploded. The damage to the aircraft was extensive.

 
What is the SES phone number in Victoria?
For emergencies how do you call SES?
In Victoria, you can call 132 500 for flood, storm, tsunami and earthquake emergency.
For life-threatening emergencies call Triple Zero (000).
Victoria Head Office
168 Sturt StreetSouthbank, Victoria 3006
Phone: (03) 9256 9000International: +613 9256 9000
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In this episode of the Emergency Management Podcast, we discuss burn injury prevention with Senior Station Officer Andrew Smith from the Country Fire Authority, located in Victoria, Australia.
Here are some links that you might like to read for further information:

The Royal Children's Hospital - Guideline - Burns/management of burn wounds
Trauma Victoria - Paediatric Burns Sub Guideline
Alfred Hospital - Burns Management Guidelines

 


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What does the American Red Cross do with data?
What does the American Red Cross do with data? The answer is plenty. Indeed, data driven decision making informs their entire approach to managing emergencies.

In this episode, we talk with Senior Director of Business Infrastructure for the American Red Cross Brian Keenum, who recently provided the keynote address at the Australian Esri User Conference. During our conversation, Brian shares his organisation's experience using world-class technology to enable more accurate, safe and effective decision making in the face of a crisis.

Senior Director of Business Infrastructure for the American Red Cross Brian Keenum
Data-Driven Decision Making Software
Data-driven decision making involves making decisions that are backed by verifiable facts rather than making decisions that are intuitive or based on observation alone.

The American Red Cross uses data-driven software to boost effective emergency management across the spectrum of prevention, response and recovery.
RC View
During the interview, Brian discusses RC View which is a custom-made application that uses that uses Esri's GIS technology.

RC View informs the way that Red Cross responds to emergencies by:

Providing the organisation’s volunteers and staff with real-time situational awareness
Identifying and understanding the potential impact a crisis may bring
Helping to inform who will be affected the worst
Guiding the way that Red Cross should respond
Providing the ability for Red Cross to focus their resources in real-time

RC View brings together Federal, State and local data sources into one dynamic picture that informs the decisions and actions of the Red Cross workforce. RC View has improved the efficiency of workflow during large-scale national disaster relief operations, as well as everyday response to house fires and preparedness efforts within communities.


Here are some links that you might like to read/watch for further information:

Read The GIS solution that’s changing traditional emergency response and recovery - Mark Wallace Manager, Business Development (QLD, NT & PNG)– Esri Australia, Brisbane
Read A business case for agency interoperability during large-scale crises Mark Wallace Manager, Business Development (QLD, NT & PNG)– Esri Australia, Brisbane
Read A best-practice open data framework - Mark Wallace Manager, Business Development (QLD, NT & PNG)– Esri Australia, Brisbane
Watch American Red Cross - Connecting and Helping Volunteers, Partners and Citizens in Need 


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Ken Brown (AFSM) is currently the Acting Deputy Chief Officer and Acting Executive Director Operational Preparedness with the Metropolitan Fire & Emergency Services Board (MFB) located in Victoria, Australia.

His Command and Control experience is extensive and he is well known for creating mentoring opportunities for his personnel.

Ken joined the MFB in 1983. During his 35 years of service, 29 years have been spent in the officer ranks which also includes 6 years at an executive level as an Assistant Chief Fire Officer (ACFO) and acting Deputy Chief Officer (ADCO).

Ken’s substantive position is ACFO of the MFB’s Technical Operations Department. Ken is married (wife Rhonda) and has 6 children and 13 grandchildren...so far).


ADCO Ken Browns Awards and Commendations

Australian Fire Service Medal
National Emergency Medal
National Medal
MFB Long and Good Service Medal  
Chief Officer Commendation – Middle Park Fire
Chief Officer Commendation – Hall Street Yarraville Fire

SKM Coolaroo Recycling Plant Fire
The fire at the SKM Coolaroo Recycling Plant (the Coolaroo fire) occurred on 13 July 2017 and burned for 11 days. As a result, the smoke plumes from the fire were observed across Melbourne for several days.

There were numerous challenges and nearby residents and business were urged to evacuate due to concerns about the impact of air quality on human health. The Inspector General for Emergency Management completed a post-incident analysis the fire titled: Review of SKM Coolaroo Recycling Plant Fire.
SKM Coolaroo Recycling Plant Fire Press Conference 14 July


https://youtu.be/YgZaltC0QtM

 
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Helicopter firefighting at night
Nighttime firebombing aircraft are only a recent addition to the tools available to firefighters in Victoria, Australia. In the past, firebombing aircraft in Australia only worked during daylight hours. However, in 2018, Emergency Management Victoria led Australia's first trial in the use of firebombing aircraft to contain and extinguish wildfires at night.

During the trial, pilots wore night-vision goggles, which are used to detect and boost light.
Do water bombers work at night?
In Victoria, water-bombing helicopters can work at night.

In this episode, Commander Wayne Rigg talks about his role to carry out an Australian first trial in the use of helicopters in nighttime firefighting. The trial was a success and resulted in approval from the Civil Aviation Safety Authority regulatory to conduct night fire suppression activities using night vision goggles.
About Wayne Rigg
Wayne joined the CFA as a volunteer at the Eildon Fire Brigade in 1994 and then became a career firefighter in 1995. He was initially stationed at Ballarat City Fire Station and was then promoted through the ranks to Commander.


Operations Officer Wayne Rigg
Wayne trained as an Air Attack Supervisor in 2005 and has been involved in aerial firebombing since. He is now considered one of the leading subject matter experts within aerial firefighting in Australia.
Wayne is also an air observer and air operations manager and performs many aviation coordination roles at Regional and State level.
Before his work with Emergency Management Victoria, Wayne held the position of CFA Aviation Officer for six years. During this time he brought about significant changes in aerial firefighting and capability. These changes have resulted in improved service delivery and protection to ground crews and communities.
Some of the projects that Wayne has been involved in include:


Predetermined dispatch of firefighting aircraft. This means firebombing aircraft are responded to fires via an alert system at the same time as fire trucks are responded.
Large firefighting Air Tankers.
Airborne Information Gathering.
Air Attack Supervisor rosters.
Fleet changes and a range of other projects.

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Operations Manager Tony O'Day is head of the Country Fire Authority's (CFA) Emergency Medical Response (EMR) and Wellbeing team. In this episode, Tony explains the role of EMR and the wellbeing programs that CFA has introduced to manage the health and well-being of first responders and other CFA members.

Operations Manager Tony O'Day

Tony has held a variety of state and field-based positions during his career, including a stint as the Victorian Fire Services Liaison Officer for Victoria Police in the Counter-Terrorism Coordination and Emergency Management Department.
What is Emergency Medical Response?
When an EMR event occurs, both Ambulance Victoria (AV) and CFA resources are dispatched to the Emergency.  These emergencies are classified as Priority Zero events, which in the main involves people who are suffering potential cardiac arrest. According to CFA the "The primary aim of the EMR program is to reduce response time to cardiac arrest patients with a longer-term aim of improving survival outcomes". EMR means that patients can get access to early CPR and early defibrillation which increases survivability.
When did Emergency Medical Response start in Victoria?
The Metropolitan Fire Brigade began EMR in 2001. CFA commenced EMR in 2008 as part of a trial involving five volunteer brigades. The program has since been extended to CFA's Integrated brigades.
CFAs Mental Health Programs
The introduction of EMR has caused CFA to have a greater focus on managing mental health. CFA members have access to a range of mental health services including:

Peer Program- psychological first aid (PFA) and personal support provided by trained CFA peers for personal or CFA-related issues.
Chaplaincy Program- On-site and off-site non-denominational pastoral care support through an external provider.
Member Assistance Program- Professional, confidential counselling through an external provider for personal or CFA-related issues.

External Mental Health Service:

Lifeline  13 11 14 or www.lifeline.org.au
Beyondblue 1300 22 4636 or www.beyondblue.org.au
Black Dog Institute  www.blackdoginstitute.org.au

Bystander training
CFA has recently introduced bystander training to help EMR first responders manage and assist people who may be present at an incident scene.
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Joff van Ek is a Station Officer with the Metropolitan Fire Brigade (MFB), and he has a passion for road accident rescue.  He began his career as an operations centre officer with the South Australian Country Fire Service in 2003. Whilst in that role he had his first glimpse of emergency management, emergency call taking, appliance and firefighting aircraft dispatch. In 2007 Joff moved to Melbourne and became a firefighter with the MFB in 2007.

Station Officer Joff Van Ek

Joff is a technical assessor and trainer with the Australasian Road Rescue Organisation (ARRO). In addition, he is a guest lecturer for paramedical studies at Victoria University and practical presenter for the Holmatro Rescue experiences delivering rescue and medical training across all fire and rescue services in Australia.

In 2015/16 Joff was seconded to the Country Fire Authority. During this time he worked with CFA firefighters to promote interoperability between Victoria’s fire services. Having returned to the MFB in 2017 and promoted to Station Officer, he is now furthering his education by enrolling in the Bachelor of Emergency Management with Charles Sturt University.

Most of all Joff is passionate in promoting the work of firefighters and ensuring that they strive to maintain a high level of knowledge, training and innovation.
Emergency Foundation Scholarship - Rapid Rescue Techniques
In 2011 Joff completed an Emergency Services Foundation Scholarship studying the topic of “Rapid Extrication of time critical patients involved in vehicle accidents". The Scholarship saw Joff research worldwide best practices for road rescue extrication. As a result, he travelled to Europe where he found many countries who are world leaders in road accident rescue innovation. During the tour, Joff visited a number of countries including Norway where he learnt about rapid extrication techniques.

 

Joff Van Ek
Connect with Joff
Joff is a moderator for the Facebook pages Extrication Matters and Fireground matters which encourage the sharing of knowledge and experience with those in the emergency management sector. You can connect with him on LinkedIn or on Instagram @therescuefireman.
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Creating leaders in volunteer fire brigades takes time. In this episode, I talk to Senior Instructor Kris Wilms from the Country Fire Authority (CFA) about the mentoring project she developed to prepare volunteer leaders for their role.
Kris 's particular area of expertise is leadership and management professional development for senior volunteer leaders in CFA. Her approach is innovative and collaborative as she works alongside volunteers in the field.


Senior Instructor Kris Wilms
Kris began her career in the fire service 24 years ago. She worked as a firefighter on an army base for four years before moving to the CFA where she has worked for 20 years.  As well as a range of specialist technical skills and qualifications, Kris has a Masters in Organisation Dynamics and is in the final stages of a professional Doctorate researching how Volunteer leaders can be better prepared and supported.

What is the volunteer peer mentor program?
The mentor program is developed to provide support to Captains in the broader management aspects of their role. It provides a framework to facilitate carefully considered partnerships between mentee and mentor Captains. The program requires support and involvement from the senior CFA District Operations Management team who have an inherent understanding of the many challenges Captains may face.
Creating connections
The peer mentor program aims to connect the mentor and mentee. It provides a formal structure to connect a captain to a mentee, who is someone outside their usual networks who they would not usually form a relationship.
Challenges faced by Captains
The mentor program is a professional development for Captains to discuss some of the challenges they might face including:

Inherited & historical brigade issues
Introducing and managing change
People management
Understanding the practicalities of the role

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The scale and intensity of the Black Saturday bushfires that occurred on 7 February 2009 had not occurred before in Australia’s history. During this episode, Senior Station Officer Gavin Parker from the CFA shares his experience on this day. In particular, he discusses how he and his crew worked to protect a vital communications tower.

Gavin and his crew faced many challenges during the Black Saturday bushfires. He has documented the event in a presentation and a selection of the slides are shown below. If you would like a full copy of the slides, he can be contacted via email at g.parker@cfa.vic.gov.au.

Senior Station Officer Gavin Paker
Victoria's State Strategic Control Priorities
While they did not exist in 2009, Victoria’s State Emergency Management Priorities place particular emphasis on the protection of critical infrastructure. Indeed, the state strategic priorities which underpin the planning and operational decisions when managing the response to emergencies include the “protection of critical infrastructure and community assets that support community resilience”.
The Churchill Black Saturday bushfires
Churchill is about 160 kilometres south-east of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The Churchill Black Saturday bushfires started at about 13:32 on 7 February 2009, 3 kilometres south-east of the Churchill fire station.
The Call
Not long after the fire commenced Senior Station Officer Gavin Parker and his crew were responded to the fire. The red dot to the left of the image below shows the approximate location where the fire started.

On route to the reported bushfire at Churchill.
On Scene
Senior Station Officer Gavin Parker's crew were the third fire truck to reach the fire. Shortly after arriving they were formed into a strike team. Strike Teams are defined as a set number of resources of the same type. They are usually made up of five resources of the same type such as vehicles, crews, earth moving machinery etc.

Photo taken on arrival at Glendonald Road
Asset protection
Almost as soon as crew arrived they were tasked with asset protection. Gavin's team was assigned to protect a communications tower circled in green below.

Map showing communication tower location
Creating defendable space in bushfires
A critical aspect of ensuring crew safety and asset protection was creating a defendable space.

Permission requested to backburn.

 

Tower compound after the fire
Preparing for the fire front to arrive
Creating a safe area by conducting strategic burning

 

Burning out sequence
Sheltering from radiant and convective heat and monitoring for ember attack
Radiant heat is the biggest killer in bushfires. Gavin's crew used the building to protect them from radiant heat. They continued to monitor the situation and put out fires in and around the building.

After the fire front passes crews monitor and extinguish fires in and around the building

 

The wind change
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In a disaster, search and rescue dogs do the work that no one else can do. Julie Cowan is the founder of Search and Rescue Dogs Australia (SARDA). Julie has been instrumental in developing canine search and rescue capability in Australia. She was a member of the consultative committee which assisted in the development of the Australian Urban Search & Rescue Canine Capability Best Practice Guideline Version 1.1 (November 2009). To say that Julie is passionate about her dogs is an understatement. Her enthusiasm for her dogs and the craft of search and rescue is truly incredible.
Black Saturday Bushfire Deployment
Two SARDA search dog teams were deployed following the 2009 Black Saturday bushfires. Black Saturday was one of the most catastrophic bushfires in Australia's history. The dogs from SARDA were the first dog teams in Australia to receive the National Emergency Medal.



SARDA and Firefighters Train Together at Dandenong Fire Station






Training for a Disaster - Selection and Accreditation

The SARDA website contains comprehensive information about the Selection, Training and Accreditation for search and rescue dogs. SARDA dog teams are assessed by qualified, external assessors against international and Australian standards. These include

INSARAG (International Search and Rescue Advisory Group),
FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency, USA), and
The Australian Best Practice Guidelines.

Recommended reading

A Strategic Framework for Volunteer Search Dogs in Australia A guide for future action
Here is an excellent article from Technical Rescue Magazine on how USAR Dogs work in a disaster.
Books:







Thank you to SARDA's sponsors
SARDA could not survive without donations and sponsorship. SARDA's key sponsors include:

The Alex Fraser Group
Frankston Heights Veterinary Centre
Royal Canin

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Training leaders. That's the business Operations Officer Graham Kirk is in. Why? Because he's passionate about the development of others. The team he leads is responsible for ensuring the people who graduate to the ranks of Leading Firefighter and Station Officer have the skills to combat the great variety emergencies they will face.
The promotional program is designed, delivered and assessed by the people who do the job they are training others to do.

Station Officers and Leading firefighters working for CFA need to be prepared for any emergency. Working for the Country Fire Authority means that firefighters are required to working across a variety of risk environments. One day they could be fighting a factory fire in the suburbs of Melbourne and the next they could be combating a Hazmat incident in a large country town and the week after they could be managing a grassfire in an urban interface zone.

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On 19 May 2011, Senior Station Officer Adrian Devenish of the CFA was the initial incident controller at the TriTech Lubricants fire located in Dandenong South, Victoria, Australia. Over 100 firefighters and 30 fire appliances were required to combat the blaze.

 



Dandenong, Victoria, Australia
Dandenong is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, approximately 30 km south-east from the Melbourne CBD. Over 160,000 people live in Dandenong.  Greater Dandenong is the most culturally diverse are in Victoria, with over half of its population born overseas, from more than 160 different birthplaces. The industrial areas of Dandenong form part of one of Australia’s most significant manufacturing places.
TriTech Lubricants
TriTech Lubricants was located in Dandenong South, in Victoria, Australia. The business stored large quantities of oil products, including engine oil and transmission oil for the domestic and industrial use.
Review of the TriTech Lubricants Factory Fire
A review into the fire was requested by the then Fire Services Commissioner. The terms of reference of the report were threefold.

The command and control arrangements.
The control strategies employed.
The issuing of community information.

This report can be downloaded from the Emergency Management Victoria website.
Key learnings from Adrian's interview:
Establish an Incident Emergency Management Team Early
An Incident Emergency Management Team (IEMT) should be established as early as possible. An IEMT is particularly important where multiple agencies are combatting an incident. In such cases, the Incident Controller forms the IEMT to assist in determining and implementing appropriate strategies.

The Fundaments of Emergency Management (Class 1 Emergencies) states that the "first contact between the Incident Controller and support agencies represents the formation of the IEMT".



The Incident Emergency Management team established for the TriTech fire included:

Victoria Police,
Environmental Protection Agency,
The city of Greater Dandenong,
Viridian New World Glass,
Energy authorities (gas and power),
Melbourne Water,
South East Water,
Ambulance Victoria and
the TriTech owner.

 
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In this interview Senior Station Officer Chris Hall from the Country Fire Authority in Victoria, Australia, shares his experiences while on an international deployment. He talks about the value of exchanging ideas from both interstate and international emergency management agencies.

Deployment to California
In October 2017, personnel from the Country Fire Authority and Victoria’s Forest Fire Management Victoria were deployed to assist in fighting the fires in Northern California. According to Emergency Management Victoria, there is a healthy relationship with California, in particular, CalOES and CalFire.
Incident Overview
On 8 October 2017, multiple wildfires occurred across California. The wildfires burned more than 245,000 acres, 8,900 structures and were responsible for 43 deaths. 2017 has seen California endure some of the worst wildfires in United States History. An Incident overview is available at California Wildfire Statewide Recovery Resource.


Pack Test require for international deployment
The pack test for personnel deployed to California involved waking 4.83 kilometres on a level track carrying a weight of 20.4 kilograms within 45 minutes. In a Fire Note from 2011, the Bushfire CRC discusses The relevance of the Pack Hike Test for Australian bushfire firefighters. http://www.bushfirecrc.com/sites/default/files/managed/resource/pack_hike_test_fire_note.pdf
Incident Action Plans
The incident action planning process provides a tool to synchronise operations at the incident level. It ensures that incident operations support of incident objectives.
QR Codes and Avenza
QR code (abbreviated from Quick Response Code) is the trademark for a type of matrix barcode (or two-dimensional barcode) first designed for the automotive industry in Japan. A barcode is a machine-readable optical label that contains information about the item to which it is attached. Avenza uses QR codes to deliver maps electronically. Avenza Maps® is a mobile map app that allows you to download maps for offline use on iOS or Android smartphone or tablet as well as on Windows 10 devices.
Managing an incident within an incident
A highlight for Chris was the way that CalFire focused on the importance of having a plan of action should an incident within an incident eventuate. The use of the Medical Plan form was critical in facilitating this process. The National Wildfire Coordinating Group provides instructions for completing this form.
Wildland Urban Interface (WIU) Placard
Another key point of interest for Chris was Calfire's use of the "Wildland Urban Interface Placard"(WIU). The purpose of WUI placard is to:

Triage a property to determine the risks associated with defending a particular property.
Document property information found during structure assessment at a specific point in time.
Allow the Company Officer or Chief Officer to communicate their assessment of conditions to other responding units.



Please follow the link to CalFire’s Training document: http://calfireweb.fire.ca.gov/library/handbooks/7000/Exhibit_CalfireWuiPlacardTraining.pdf

The form can also is available at http://www.firescope.org/ics-forms/ICS%20231.pdf

 
Demobilisation
Demobilisation is the orderly, safe, and efficient return of an incident resource to its original location and status.

The Demobilization Check-Out form (ICS 221) ensures that resources checking out of the incident have completed all appropriate incident business, and provides the Planning Section information on resources released from the incident. Demobilization is a planned process, and this form assists with that planning. Incident Demobilization Vehicle Safety Inspection form (ICS 212) requires the Vehicle Operator to complete items & submit to Resource Unit Leade...