BMJ Best Practice Podcast

Hypertension is a common disorder that affects a large proportion of the community. It is usually asymptomatic and is detected on routine examination or after the occurrence of a complication such as heart attack or stroke. To find out how to diagnose and manage patients, please do listen to this podcast with Greg Lip, Price-Evans Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Liverpool. For more on hypertension, visit BMJ Best Practice. COI: GL is a consultant and speaker for BMS/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Anthos, and Huawei. No fees are received personally.

This podcast is an interview with Dr Jing Ouyang. He is Co-Founder of Patchwork Health, Doctor, Podcaster and Healthtech Advisor. The interview covers a range of topics including: • Workforce management and flexible careers and how clinical decision support can help  • How best to learn from podcasts and  • Healthtech COI: JO is co-founder of and retains shares in Patchwork Health, where he previously served as COO and CGO. BMJ is an investor in Patchwork Health. JO also hosts the "Out of Programme" podcast. All views expressed are his own.

According to the WHO, over 200,000 people die from drowning globally every year. So it is vital that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out how to prevent and manage drowning, please do have a listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Dr David Szpilman, Medical Director of the Brazilian Lifesaving Society and Co-founder of the International Drowning Researcher's Alliance. For more on drowning, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: DS is an author of references cited in the BMJ Best Practice topic.

Traveller's diarrhoea is common. But it is difficult to put a percentage on it as a lot depends on lots of different factors. However, we do know that traveller's diarrhoea can be serious and can cause complications - from lactose intolerance to irritable bowl syndrome. To find out more, please have a listen to this podcast with Daniel Leung, Professor at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Dr Thomas D. Rees and Natalie B. Rees Presidential Endowed Chair in Global Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine. For more on traveller's diarrhoea, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: DTL receives authorship royalties from UpToDate, Inc, for a chapter on travel medicine; is an author of upcoming chapters on traveller's diarrhoea for the US CDC Yellow Book; is the past president of the American Committee on Clinical Tropical Medicine and Travelers' Health - Clinical Group within the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene; and is an author of some of the references cited in this topic.

BMJ Best Practice is our clinical decision support resource. It is designed to help healthcare professionals make better decisions in partnership with their patients.   To find out more about shared decision making in a range of difficult circumstances, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Amber Washington, Patient Advisory Coordinator, Tampa General Hospital.   View BMJ Best Practice's patient information here.   Competing interests: None

Bipolar disorder is common and important. So it is vital that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right.   To find out more about this condition, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Adrian Preda, Professor of Clinical Psychiatry at the University of California, Irvine.   For more on bipolar disorder, visit BMJ Best Practice.   Competing interests:  AP has been compensated as an expert consultant by GLG, Atheneum, Guidepoint, and as the Editor-in-Chief of Psychiatric News.

Pulmonary embolism is common and important. So it is vital that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this condition, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Scott Woller, Director of the Thrombosis Clinic, Intermountain Medical Center and Professor of Medicine at the University of Utah. For more on pulmonary embolism, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: SCW declares that he is expecting to receive funding of an investigator initiated grant from Janssen Pharmaceuticals to Intermountain Health - with no direct compensation to himself.

Migraine is very common, affecting an estimated 1.16 billion people worldwide. It is one of the most disabling neurological disorders. So it is vital that we get diagnosis, management and prevention of this condition right. To find out how to do this, please listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast with Timothy Collins, Associate Professor of Neurology and Chief of the Headache Division, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center. For more on migraine, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: TAC provides expert testimony for legal cases regarding headache disorders and treatment (approximately one or two cases per year). TAC is an author of several references cited in the BMJ Best Practice topic on migraine.

Comorbidities are common and important and have a massive impact on the delivery of care. The BMJ Best Practice Comorbidities Manager is designed to help healthcare professionals deliver better care for patients with multiple illnesses. To find out more, please do listen to this podcast with Dr Preethi Pirlamarla, Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiologist at the University of Washington. Competing interests: PP is a member of the BMJ Best Practice Comorbidities Manager panel.

BMJ Best Practice is our clinical decision support resource. It is designed to help healthcare professionals make better informed clinical decisions.   But such decisions should be made in partnership with patients - they should be shared decisions.   To find out more about shared decision making, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Emma Doble, Patient and Public Strategy Editor at BMJ.   Competing interests: None

Mumps used to be a common childhood disease. Then it became a lot less common because of vaccination. But now unfortunately it is becoming more common again. So it is vital that we get the diagnosis, management and prevention of this condition right. To find out more about this condition, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Dr Kristine Macartney, Director of the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Australia. For more on mumps, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: none

Pertussis or whooping cough is an acute infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. It is highly contagious, highly serious, and highly preventable. To find out more about this condition, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Professor Sir Andrew Pollard, Director of the Oxford Vaccine Group and Ashall Professor of Infection and Immunity in Oxford. Competing interests: AP has been chair of JCVI for the past 12 years. For more on pertussis, visit BMJ Best Practice.

Social anxiety disorder is common. The 1-year point prevalence rate is about 7% and the estimated lifetime prevalence about 12%. And social anxiety disorder can have a real effect on a patient’s life. To find out more about this condition, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Professor Craig Sawchuk of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic. Craig is also the author of our BMJ Best Practice topic on this subject. For more on social anxiety disorder, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: None

Measles is a serious disease. Unfortunately, it is making a comeback. So we need to know how to diagnose, manage and prevent it. To find out more about how to do all of this, listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Linda Nield, Professor of Medical Education and Pediatrics at West Virginia University School of Medicine. For more on measles, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: None

Paediatric asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease globally and is a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more, listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast on asthma in children. It features an interview with Helen Brough, Consultant in Paediatric Allergy and Professor in Paediatric Allergy at King’s College London. For more on asthma in children, visit BMJ Best Practice. COI: HB has given speaker talks on food allergy for DBV, Parexel, Stallergenes and Viatris, but these talks were not related to asthma.

It is difficult to say how common factitious disorders are. A review of psychiatric consultations in a tertiary care setting found about 1% of referrals received a diagnosis of factitious disorder. Using an entirely different approach, researchers examined specimens submitted by patients as kidney stones and found that 3.5% were obviously non-physiological. But whatever the prevalence, the consequences can be serious. They include unnecessary diagnostic procedures or interventions and sometimes self-injury. To find out more about this condition, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with James Levenson, Professor of Psychiatry at Virginia Commonwealth University. And importantly James is author of our BMJ Best Practice topic on factitious disorders. Competing interests: None For more on factitious disorders, visit BMJ Best Practice.

Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability, occurring in 1 in about 800 births worldwide. Children and adults with Down syndrome need high quality care from a wide range of different types of healthcare professionals. To find out more about this condition, listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Kishore Vellody, Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Competing interests: None For more on Down Syndrome, visit BMJ Best Practice.

In 2016, the estimated number of people globally with active epilepsy was 45.9 million. For the US in 2015, this figure was around 3.4 million. So epilepsy is common and generalised seizures are a common type of epilepsy. And the consequences can be serious - from medication side effects to status to sudden unexpected death. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Daniel Winkel, Assistant Professor of Neurology at Emory University School of Medicine. For more on generalised seizures, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: DW receives consulting fees from NextSense, Inc.

Measles, mumps and rubella are all serious illnesses. They are also all preventable. Vaccination is safe and effective. But take up of the vaccine is not what it should be. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Helen Bedford, Professor of Children's Health at the UCL Institute of Child Health. For more on these infections, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: None

Hypercholesterolemia is common condition with serious consequences. It is important that we assess, diagnose and manage it appropriately. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Thorsten Leucker, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. For more on hypercholesterolemia, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: TL has received grant funding for his university from Amgen and Merck.

The purpose of BMJ Best Practice is to provide knowledge that will help healthcare professionals deliver better care. In this podcast, Dr Clare Mock explains how you can put evidence based knowledge into practice to ensure that we achieve high quality and safe healthcare. Clare is Clinical Engagement Physician at BMJ and has a great deal of experience in safety, quality improvement and implementation science. Competing interests: CM works for BMJ.

Hyperkalemia is common and can be serious. It can result in life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. So it is important that we assess this problem properly, find an underlying diagnosis if there is one, and manage appropriately. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Sri Yarlagadda, Associate Professor at The University of Kansas Medical Center. Competing interests: None declared For more on hyperkalemia, visit BMJ Best Practice.

Hypothyroidism is common. The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism in the general population ranges between 0.2 and 5%. And it can cause a range of complications - from heart to brain problems to problems during pregnancy. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, listen to this interview with Dr Wail Malaty who works as a physician in Houston, Texas. Wail is our BMJ Best Practice author on hypothyroidism. Competing interests: None For more on hypothyroidism, visit BMJ Best Practice.

Wrist fractures are common. They can occur in older women with osteoporosis and low-impact injury. Or young men with high-impact injuries.   And they can cause complications from malunion to joint stiffness to complex regional pain syndrome.   So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right.   To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, listen to this podcast with Michael Barrett, Consultant Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgeon at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and BMJ Best Practice author on wrist fracture.   For more on wrist fractures, visit the BMJ Best Practice topic.   Competing interests: MB is a director of Orthohub.xyz, an online education platform for orthopaedic surgeons. Orthohub.xyz receives sponsorship from the healthcare industry.

Tourette syndrome has a prevalence of 0.6% in children and adolescents ages 6 to 17 years, with about half of patients undiagnosed. And Tourette syndrome is associated with distress, substance abuse, and treatment-related side effects. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right.   To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Marco Grados, Clinical Director and Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the Division for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins.   Marco is the author of our topic on Tourette syndrome on BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: None

Cervical spine injuries result primarily from car accidents, falls, and sports activities (such as rugby or diving into shallow water). They can occur in young and old, and can cause considerable complications - from chronic pain to medication dependence. So what if anything can we do to ensure that it is diagnosed and managed correctly? To answer this and other important questions, please do have a listen to this interview with Muhammad Dherijha, Consultant in Complex Spinal Surgery at the Northern Care Alliance in Manchester. For more on cervical spine injuries, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: none

Comorbidities are common and important in all countries around the world. They have a significant impact on patients and healthcare providers. The BMJ Best Practice Comorbidities Manager has been designed to help healthcare professionals better manage patients with common combinations of comorbidities. This BMJ Best Practice podcast is an interview with Professor Neera Ahuja, Professor of Medicine, Associate Chief Medical Officer and Senior Vice President at Stanford Healthcare. Competing interests: NA has received honoraria for editorial work on BMJ Best Practice

Acute severe asthma is common. The global prevalence, morbidity and mortality, and economic burden caused by asthma have progressively increased over the last few decades. About 300 million people worldwide currently have asthma. About 180,000 deaths annually are caused by asthma. And most asthma deaths are preventable. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Richard Russell, Specialty Registrar in Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK. Richard is one of the authors of our topic on acute asthma on BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: RR has received support from Chiesi.

ST-elevation myocardial infarction is a common and important condition. Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality so it is vital that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Mahi Ashwath, Professor of Medicine and Radiology and Inaugural Reuben Jacobs Chair in Internal Medicine at the UHS/UT Heart and Vascular Institute, San Antonio, Texas. Mahi is author of this topic on BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: MA is a consultant for Tersera.

Panic disorder is common. The prevalence of panic disorder is 2% to 3% in adults and adolescents. And panic disorder can cause distress, substance abuse, and treatment related side effects. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Professor Craig Sawchuk of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester. Craig is the author of our topic on panic disorder on BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: None

Uterine fibroids are common. They represent the most common solid tumours of the female pelvis and are a leading indication for hysterectomy. And complications are frequent also - from bleeding to obstetric complications. So what can we do to ensure that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right? To answer this and other important questions, please do have a listen to this podcast interview with Professor Ayman Al-Hendy, Tenured Professor at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago. Competing interests: AAH has served on the external advisory boards of Bayer, AbbVie, Myovant, Pfizer, ObsEva and Allergan, and has received research funding from the National Institutes of Health.

The Darzi report states that “a recurring theme is that the recommendations of previous reviews have not been universally adopted.” So can we do better this time? In this podcast, Professor Martyn Patel discusses how healthcare professionals can use BMJ Best Practice to improve care in areas where Darzi says that it needs to improve. In things like comorbidities, cardiovascular care, and emergency medicine. Martyn works for Norwich Medical School, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, and is also an expert panel member of BMJ Best Practice.

Among men aged 15 to 44 years, testicular tumours are the most common cancer diagnosed. And testicular cancer can cause considerable morbidity and mortality. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Corbin Eule, Assistant Professor of Medical Oncology at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. And importantly Corbin is BMJ Best Practice author on testicular cancer. Competing interests: None

The prevalence of precocious puberty is difficult to estimate - it is probably between  1 in 500 and 1 in 5000 children. Unfortunately, complications are common - from distress to short stature to psychological problems. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to this podcast interview with Dr Comfort King of BMJ and Dr Talat Mushtaq, Consultant in Paediatric Endocrinology at Leeds Teaching Hospitals. Competing interests: TM has received support from Novo Nordisk and Pfizer to attend overseas conferences. He has also received honoraria from Kyowa Kirin for lectures and educational events.

Chronic cough is common. And from 10% to 70% of patients with chronic cough may have upper airway cough syndrome. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Professor Fan Chung who is Professor of Respiratory Medicine and Head of Experimental Studies Medicine at the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London. Competing interests: FC has received remuneration for taking part in advisory board meetings on asthma, COPD, and cough, organised by GSK, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Merck, Boehringer Ingelheim, TEVA, Menlo Therapeutics and 4D pharma. KFC has also been on a speaker's bureau for AstraZeneca and Novartis, and has received educational grants from AstraZeneca, GSK, Bionorica, PGT Healthcare, and Vernalis Therapeutics, for supporting the Ninth London International Cough Symposium held in London in 2016.

Type 2 diabetes is common. It accounts for over 90% of all diabetes, and has a prevalence of 8.5% in the US. And complications are common as well - from blindness to amputation to chronic kidney disease. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to this podcast interview with Gregg Simonson, Director of Professional Training at the International Diabetes Center at Park Nicollet Minneapolis. Competing interests: GS declares that his employer, HealthPartners Institute International Diabetes Center, has organizational interests that include receiving unrestricted educational grants from Abbott Diabetes Care and Sanofi.

Hyperthyroidism The global prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism is between 0.2% to 1%. Graves disease is the most common form of hyperthyroidism in most areas of the world but there are other causes including toxic nodular goitre. Complications of hyperthyroidism are common - from bone loss to atrial fibrillation to heart failure.  So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Dr Salman Razvi, Consultant Endocrinologist and Senior Lecturer at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead. Competing interests: SR has received speaker fees from Merck, IBSA and Abbott Pharmaceuticals Ltd and research funding from Merck.

Pre eclampsiaPre-eclampsia is common. It has been reported to affect between 2% and 8% of all pregnancies worldwide.  And complications are common as well - from eclampsia to fetal growth restriction to pulmonary oedema. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Emeritus Professor James Walker of the University of Leeds. Please note: Remember to do a FBC, U&E, and LFTs in affected patients. Competing interests: JJW is Honorary President of the Baby Lifeline Training Company and Honorary Medical Director of Action on Pre-eclampsia. He lectures and teaches on pre-eclampsia and maternal safety both nationally and internationally, and is the author of national and local reports into safety investigations for the Healthcare Services Investigation Branch and national and local bodies as Clinical Director.

BMJ Best Practice is freely available in England, Scotland and Wales. And in many other institutions around the world. We want to ensure that it is used. But we want more than just clicks. We want people to use it to improve individual patient care, to improve care processes and quality and safety, to improve education at all levels. So how should we do this? Please do listen to his podcast interview with Dr Dan Bunstone, GP Principal and Clinical Director of Warrington Innovation Network. Competing interests: none

Acute otitis media is common. More than 80% of children experience at least one episode of acute otitis media before the age of 2 years. And complications are common also - from perforated tympanic membrane to otitis media with effusion. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Dr. Carlos Armengol of the Pediatric Associates of Charlottesville in the US. Competing interests: none

Animal bites Each year in the UK, approximately 250,000 people attend emergency departments for the treatment of dog bites. And about 10% of patients will develop an infection. And that is just dogs. Animal bites are a common and serious problem - it is important that we get the assessment and management of this condition right. To find out more details about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Dr Oliver Spencer, Consultant in Emergency Medicine at Croydon University Hospital NHS Trust. Competing interests: none

Burns are a common injury. The exact prevalence is difficult to know, as many people will not seek medical advice. But we do know that around 13,000 people in the UK require hospital attention from specialist burns services. And burns can cause a range of complications from scarring to sepsis to psychological trauma. So it is important that we get the management of burns right. To find out more details about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Professor Rob Sheridan, Associate Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School. Competing interests: none

COPD is common. It is the third leading cause of death worldwide, causing 3.23 million deaths in 2019. And anyone who has worked in a hospital will know that exacerbations are common also. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more details about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Neil Greening, Associate Professor and Honorary Consultant Physician at the Institute for Lung Health, Leicester. Competing interests: Dr Greening has received honoraria, lecture fees, travel for conferences and consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Chiesi, Sanofi and Pulmonx. His Institution has received grant funding and consultancy fees from GSK, and Roche.

Syncope is common. It accounts for approximately 1% of all emergency department visits and 2% of all hospital admissions from the emergency department. Causes include dysrhythmias, pulmonary embolism, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and acute coronary syndrome - to name but a few. So what if anything can we do to ensure that it is diagnosed and managed correctly? To answer this and other important questions, please do have a listen to this podcast interview with Professor Shamai Grossman, Associate Professor of Medicine and Emergency Medicine at Harvard Medical School. Competing interests: none

Sepsis is common. In 2018, more than one million US Medicare patients were admitted to hospital with sepsis. And complications are serious - from renal failure to ARDS to DIC. So what if anything can we do to ensure that it is diagnosed and managed correctly? To answer this and other important questions, have a listen to this podcast with Professor Andre Kalil, from the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. For more on sepsis, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: none

Acne is a common condition. The Global Burden of Disease estimates the prevalence of acne to be 8%, ranking it the eighth most prevalent disease worldwide. And acne can cause complications - from scarring to dyspigmentation to mental health problems. So what if anything can we do to ensure that it is diagnosed and managed correctly? To answer this and other important questions, please have a listen to this podcast interview with Professor John Barbieri, Assistant Professor of Dermatology at Harvard.  For more on acne, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: JB has received consulting fees from Dexcel Pharma.

Cervical spine injuries result primarily from motor vehicle accidents, sports activities, and diving into shallow water. These mainly happen with young people. In older people, falls are a common cause. And such injuries can cause a range of complications from pain to radiculopathy to other neurological disability. So what if anything can we do to ensure that cervical spine trauma is diagnosed and managed correctly? To answer this and other important questions, listen to this interview with Michael Fehlings, Professor of Neurosurgery at the University of Toronto, and author of our BMJ Best Practice topic on this condition. Competing interests: MGF served as a consultant for Zimmer, In Vivo Therapeutics, and Pfizer. He receives institutional fellowship grant support from AOSpine, Medtronic, and Depuy-Synthes.

Croup is a frequent cause of acute respiratory distress in young children. Typically, it affects those between six months and three years of age, peaking in the second year of life. And croup can be serious and can cause complications - such as pneumonia. So what if anything can we do to ensure that it is diagnosed and managed correctly? To answer this and other important questions, please do have a listen to this podcast interview with Professor David Johnson who is from the Department of Pediatrics and Physiology and Pharmacology at the University of Calgary, Canada. For more on croup, visit BMJ Best Practice.  Competing interests: none

As the climate changes, we are getting more diseases associated with extremes of temperature - such as frostbite. Frostbite is classically associated with mountaineering and winter activities. But it also occurs in armed conflict and of course in homeless people. Frostbite can result in wound infection, gangrene and amputation. So what if anything can we do to ensure that it is diagnosed and managed correctly? To find the answer to this and other important questions, please have a listen to this podcast interview with Professor Chris Imray, Consultant Vascular and Renal Transplant Surgeon. For more on frostbite, visit BMJ Best Practice. Disclosures: CI has been paid for medicolegal work and receives royalties for the Oxford Handbook of Wilderness and Environmental Medicine.

A US study of high-risk drinking patterns suggests that deaths due to alcohol-associated liver disease are expected to double in the next twenty years. And this condition is associated with a range of complications - including hepatic encephalopathy, GI bleeding, and hepatorenal syndrome. So what if anything can we do to ensure that it is diagnosed and managed correctly? To answer this and other important questions, please have a listen to this podcast interview with Professor Craig McClain, Chief of Research Affairs and Associate Vice President for Health Affairs and Research at the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine.  For more on alcohol-associated liver disease, visit BMJ Best Practice. CM acts as a consultant for Nestlé, Durect, Allergan, Intercept, and DISCUS. He works for the Veterans Administration on a part-time basis, has received grants from the NIH and VAMC, and is working on the update of the AGC nutritional guideline.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) has an incidence of 64 per 100,000 per year, increasing by 40% with each decade of life. This means about 200,000 new patients per year in the USA. And BPPV can cause problems - including falls and accidents and of course injuries. So what if anything can we do to ensure that it is diagnosed and managed correctly? To answer this and other important questions, please do have a listen to this podcast interview with Professor Lorne Parnes of the Departments of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery and Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario. For more on BPPV, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: none

In 2019, lower respiratory tract infections affected 489 million people worldwide, and were the cause for approximately 2.5 million deaths. Children less than 5 and adults older than 70 were the populations most affected by pneumonia. Mortality was highest in patients aged over 70. So what if anything can we do to ensure that pneumonia is diagnosed and managed correctly? To answer this and other important questions, please do have a listen to this podcast interview with Dr Catia Cillóniz, Associate Professor at the University of Barcelona. For more on community acquired pneumonia, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: none

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common disorder affecting 1 in 500 women and 1 in 2000 men aged over 40 years. It can cause a range of complications from osteoporosis to fractures to nephrolithiasis. So what if anything can we do to ensure that it is diagnosed and managed correctly? To answer this and other important questions, please do have a listen to this podcast interview with Dr John Ayuk, Consultant Endocrinologist at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust.  For more on primary hyperparathyroidism, visit BMJ Best Practice. Disclosures: JA declares that he has no competing interests.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. Diabetic foot disease is an all too common complication. And it can cause a range of problems - including the ultimate complication - amputation. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast, Dr. Kieran Walsh talks to Nicole Mottolini about safer management of diabetic foot disease. Nicole is a Podiatrist and Clinical Fellow at NHS Resolution. Competing interests: none For more on diabetic foot disease, visit BMJ Best Practice.

In the UK, the prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes in children is approximately 2.9 per 100,000. This number is rising and another constant has been the increasing rates of obesity. So it is vital that we get prevention and management of this condition right. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast, Dr Christine Bowen talks to Professor May Ng, OBE, Honorary Professor at Edge Hill University, Hon Associate Professor at University of Liverpool, and Consultant Paediatrician and Paediatric Endocrinologist at Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals Trust. For more on type 2 diabetes in children, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: none

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition defined by endometrial stroma and glands found outside of the uterine cavity. The most common sites affected are the pelvic peritoneum and ovaries. May present incidentally in asymptomatic women, or more commonly in women of reproductive age who complain of chronic pelvic pain and/or sub-fertility. M. Jonathon Solnik, Professor of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Medical Imaging by Cross-Appointment, Temerty School of Medicine at the University of Toronto, gives us an overview of diagnosis and management of the condition. For more on endometriosis, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: MJS is an author of a number of references cited in the Best Practice topic. He acts as a consultant for AbbVie (manufacturer of depot leuprolide and elagolix), Medtronic, Felix Health and Olympus.

Fibrocystic breasts are common. The incidence peaks at 400 per 100,000 woman-years at the age of 40 to 44. The condition can cause  pain and tenderness that fluctuate with the menstrual cycle. And there is a higher prevalence of cysts as women approach the menopause. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast, Kieran Walsh talks with Professor Ingrid Lizarraga, Clinical Associate Professor at the Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Competing interests: None For more on fibrocystic breasts, visit BMJ Best Practice.

The diagnosis of menopause is clinical, based on the absence of menses for 12 months, and does not require further testing for appropriately presenting patients. Oestrogen therapy is an effective treatment for the management of menopausal symptoms including hot flushes, night sweats, and urogenital symptoms. In this podcast, Bradford W. Fenton, Independence Park Medical Services, Anchorage, Alaska, gives us further details of diagnosis and management. For more on menopause, visit BMJ Best Practice. Disclosures: BWF declares that he has no competing interests.

There are concerns that junior healthcare professionals do not use decision support as they don’t see senior staff using it. There are concerns that seniors don't use clinical decision support as they worry about looking things up people in front of people. So a complex issue to discuss. To find out more about this, listen to this interview with Dr Tom Foley, Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist with expertise in digital health.

Snoring is common. In the 30- to 35-year-old age group, 20% of men and 5% of women snore. By 60, 60% of men and 40% of women will snore habitually. And snoring can affect the quality of life - of both the patient and their partner. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast on snoring, Kieran Walsh talks with Dr Showkat Mirza, Consultant in Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust. For more on snoring, visit BMJ Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1035 Competing interests: SM has no competing interests

Adhesive capsulitis affects 2% to 5% of the population. It is slightly more common in women than in men, and is most common in people between the ages of 40 and 70. And it can cause a range of problems - including pain, stiffness, and loss of function. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To give us more details about this problem and what we can do about it, Kieran Walsh, Clinical Director at BMJ, speaks with Professor Lance LeClerc, Associate Professor of Orthopedic Surgery at Vanderbilt University Medical Centre in Nashville. For more on adhesive capsulitis, visit BMJ Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1043 Competing interests: None

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a common condition that affects between 10% and 30% of people in developed countries. There can be a range of complications from haemorrhage to stricture to Barrett's oesophagus. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast on GORD, Kieran Walsh talks with Dr Andres Carrion, Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine at The Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases in University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. For more on GORD, visit BMJ Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/82 Competing interests: None

Age-related macular degeneration is the third most common cause of visual impairment worldwide. The main risk is advanced disease and resultant visual loss. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can make a big difference to the outcome - so it is vital that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast on macular degeneration, Kieran Walsh talks with Dr. Sajjad Mahmood, Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon, Medical Retina Specialist, and Honorary Clinical Lecturer at the University of Manchester. For more on age-related macular degeneration, visit BMJ Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/554 Competing interests: SM has done consultancy work and received honoraria for lecturing and travel from Bayer Pharmaceuticals and Novartis. He has also been a principal investigator for clinical trials on behalf of Bayer, Novartis, and Roche.

The prevalence of cluster headache is about one in 500. In people coming to a headache clinic, the prevalence is about 10%. Cluster headaches are excruciating and incapacitating, and affect quality of life. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can make a big difference to the outcome - so it is vital that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast on cluster headache, Kieran Walsh talks with Professor Amaal Starling, Associate Professor of Neurology at the Department of Neurology in the Mayo Clinic. Further resources: clusterbusters.org/. Competing interests: AS has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Allergan, Amgen, Axsome Therapeutics, Everyday Health, Lundbeck, Med-IQ, Medscape, Neurolief, Satsuma, and WebMD. We release episodes fortnightly.

Spinal cord compression is an extremely serious disorder that can have devastating consequences. These include weakness of the legs, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and loss of sensation. Rapid diagnosis and treatment can make a big difference to the outcome - so it is vital that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast on spinal cord compression, Kieran Walsh talks with Professor Kenneth Casey, Clinical Associate Professor in Neurosurgery at Michigan State University and Clinical Associate Professor in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Wayne State University School of Medicine. Competing interests: none declared We release episodes fortnightly.

Halitosis is common and can affect people of all ages. Severe halitosis is less common but it can affect confidence and quality of life. It can even result in social isolation. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast on halitosis, Kieran Walsh talks with Professor Stephen Porter, Director of the UCL Eastman Dental Institute in London. Competing interests: none declared

We release episodes fortnightly. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. It is more common in women than in men, with incidence increasing sharply around the age of 50. And it can cause complications - including the inability to perform activities of daily living and spinal stenosis in cervical and lumbar osteoarthritis. So it is vital that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast on osteoarthritis, Kieran Walsh talks to Fadi Badlissi, Assistant Professor at Harvard Medical School and Director of the Musculoskeletal Medicine Unit at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston. Competing interests: None

We release episodes fortnightly. Stroke is the fourth and fifth leading cause of death in the UK and US, respectively. There are more than 100,000 strokes in the UK every year. And approximately 10% to 15% of all ischaemic strokes are associated with carotid artery stenosis. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast on carotid artery stenosis, Kieran Walsh talks to Brajesh Lal, Professor of Vascular Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Professor of Neurology, Mayo Clinic. Competing interests: None

We release episodes fortnightly. Bell's palsy is the most common unilateral facial palsy in adults. It is most prevalent in people between 15 and 45 years of age. And it can cause a range of complications - including ongoing facial weakness, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, exposure keratopathy, and ectropion. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast, Kieran Walsh talks with Professor Matthew Miller about Bell's palsy. Matt is Assistant Professor Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill. Competing interests: none declared

We release episodes fortnightly. Data, AI, oncology, and patients are a wide range of subjects to be addressed in one podcast. Individually they are big topics and when you put them together you really get to high levels of complexity. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast, Kieran Walsh delves into all these topics with Dr Arun Sujenthiran, Senior Medical Director and UK Clinical Lead at Flatiron Health. Flatiron Health is a healthtech company that specialises in data science and oncology. Competing interests: AS is an employee of Flatiron Health Inc, an independent subsidiary of Roche, and holds stock in Roche.

We release episodes fortnightly. Rosacea is a common disorder. Studies suggest a prevalence of 5% for women and 4% for men. And rosacea can cause a range of problems including papules and pustules, telangiectasias, and eye problems. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast on rosacea, Kieran Walsh talks to Dr Abel Jarell, Dermatologist and Dermatopathologist, Northeast Dermatology Associates, Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Competing interests: none declared

We release episodes fortnightly. Hypothermia is a serious condition - it can cause rhabdomyolysis, electrolyte disturbances, and cardiac arrhythmias. It can also kill. In the UK, the annual number of hypothermia-related deaths is about 300. And in countries with colder climates, the numbers are far higher. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast, Kieran Walsh talks to Dr Alexander Alexiou, Emergency Medicine Consultant, Barts Health NHS Trust about hypothermia. Competing interests: none declared

We release episodes fortnightly. Parkinson's disease is a common and serious condition. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world - only Alzheimer's disease is more common. And Parkinson's disease can cause a range of complications - from dyskinesias to depression to dementia. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast, Kieran Walsh talks to Delaram Safarpour, Assistant Professor of Neurology at Oregon Health & Science University. Competing interests: DS has received honoraria for participation in advisory boards for Boston Scientific (the manufacturer of Deep Brain Stimulation devices) and Abbvie (the manufacturer of Duopa). She has received consultation fees from Abbott (the manufacturer of Deep Brain Stimulation devices). DS has received an institutional grant and has received an honorarium for lectures from the Parkinson’s Study Group.

Herpes zoster: an update on diagnosis and management The annual incidence of herpes zoster in the UK is between 2 and 4 patients per thousand population. It can cause a range of complications including post-herpetic neuralgia, herpes zoster of the eye, and disseminated zoster. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast on herpes zoster, Kieran Walsh talks to Professor Michael Rothberg, Center for Value-Based Care Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. MR declares that he has no competing interests.- The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Data and big data in healthcare are both important and topical. Big data has the potential to transform how we provide healthcare but can also be problematic. There can be problems with how data is captured, cleaned, and corrected or with how we update data. BMJ is playing an increasing role in this field. We have our own BMJ Data Set which provides AI healthcare technologies with current, credible, and AI-ready content. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast on healthcare and data, Kieran Walsh talks to Professor Dipak Kalra, President of The European Institute for Innovation through Health Data.

Status epilepticus is a serious medical emergency. Fortunately, it is relatively rare but when it does occur it can cause a range of serious complications including focal neurological deficits, cognitive dysfunction, and behavioural problems. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast on status epilepticus, Kieran Walsh talks to Dr. Rajiv Mohanraj, Consultant Neurologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer at the Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained heart rhythm disorder in adults worldwide. The prevalence is between 2% and 4%. If left untreated, atrial fibrillation is a significant risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction and congestive cardiac failure. So it is important that we get diagnosis and management of this condition right. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast on new-onset atrial fibrillation, Kieran Walsh talks to Bharat Kantharia, Clinical Professor of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York. - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Acute pancreatitis: an update on diagnosis and management Acute pancreatitis is a common and serious condition. The incidence of acute pancreatitis in the UK is about 50 per 100,000 per year. And it can cause a range of complications including acute renal failure, pancreatic abscess and of course chronic pancreatitis. So it is important that we get diagnosis and management of this condition right. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast on acute pancreatitis, Kieran Walsh talks to Professor Scott Tenner, Clinical Professor of Medicine, State University of New York. ST is an author of references cited in the BMJ Best Practice topic on acute pancreatitis. He declares that he has no other competing interests. BMJ Relevant topic link - https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/3000118 - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

COPD or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is common. The pooled global prevalence is 15% in men and 9% in women. The expanding epidemic of smoking and the ageing of the population means that its prevalence is increasing. And COPD is a serious disease. It is associated with recurrent pneumonia, cor pulmonale, and respiratory failure. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast, Kieran Walsh talks to Dr. Hanna Sandelowsky, GP, Head of Unit at the Academic Primary Healthcare Centre, and Senior Researcher at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden. - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Transient ischemic attacks are common - in the UK, the US and around the world. And they are important – mainly because of the high risk of stroke following a TIA. The risk of stroke is high in the first 7 days. So it is important to get on with diagnosis, investigations, and management as soon as possible. In this BMJ Best Practice podcast, Kieran Walsh talks to Dr Jennifer Simpson, Vascular Neurologist and Associate Professor in the Department of Neurology at the University of Colorado. - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Axial spondyloarthritis is a chronic progressive inflammatory arthropathy, which ultimately may lead to radiographical changes in the spine and sacroiliac joints. This radiographical stage is known as ankylosing spondylitis. Inflammatory back pain is the hallmark clinical feature. This is defined as back pain that is of insidious onset, is worse in the morning, and improves with exercise. In this podcast, Markku Kauppi, Professor of Rheumatology, Helsinki University, gives a clinical overview of the condition. For more on ankylosing spondylitis, visit BMJ Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/366 - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Ischaemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization defines stroke as “a clinical syndrome consisting of rapidly developing clinical signs of focal (or global) disturbance of cerebral function, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than that of vascular origin”. David Wang, Professor of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, gives us a clinical overview of the condition. For more on ischaemic stroke, visit BMJ Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/3000114 - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Essential tremor is characterised by a progressive tremor of the upper extremities, present in posture and action, without other neurological signs or symptoms. The prevalence and incidence increases with age, but the condition can appear in early adulthood in those who have a family history. Sheng-Han Kuo, Assistant Professor of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, gives us an overview of the condition. For more on essential tremor, visit BMJ Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1089 - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Patients with asthma present with recurrent episodes of shortness of breath, chest tightness, wheezing, or coughing. Examination typically demonstrates an expiratory wheeze; however, in severe asthma there is poor air entry and the chest is silent. Lauren Eggert, Clinical Assistant Professor, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, gives us a clinical overview of the condition. For more on asthma, visit BMJ Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/44 - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Bacterial meningitis represents a life-threatening inflammation of the meninges. Elisabeth Adderson, Associate Member, St. Jude Faculty, Director, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, gives an overview of the condition. For more on bacterial meningitis, visit BMJ Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/3000104 - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia due to absolute insulin deficiency. The condition develops due to destruction of pancreatic beta cells, mostly by immune-mediated mechanisms. In this podcast, Rajesh Garg, Professor of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, gives us an overview of the condition. For more on type 1 diabetes, visit BMJ Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/25 - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common condition defined as chronic, excessive worry for at least six months that causes distress or impairment. Christopher Gale, Research Director and Consultant Psychiatrist, Southern District Health Board, New Zealand gives a clinical overview of the condition. For more on GAD, visit BMJ Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/120 - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Lyme disease is an infectious disease transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks. Erythema migrans develops at the site of tick bite usually within 1 to 2 weeks and is a pathognomic feature. Constitutional symptoms such as fever, headache, myalgias, fatigue, and arthralgias may occur. In this podcast, Janak Koirala, Professor of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, gives us an overview of the condition. For more on lyme disease, visit BMJ Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/224 - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Chronic congestive heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood. It is a major and growing public health problem. In this podcast, Syed Wamique Yusuf, FACC, FRCPI Syed Wamique Yusuf, Professor of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, gives a clinical overview of the condition. For more on chronic congestive heart failure, visit BMJ Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/61 - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Jet lag and sleep phase disorders affect millions of travellers worldwide. Rapid change in time zone produces a constellation of symptoms called jet lag disorder. Symptoms include difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep, reduced daytime alertness, general malaise, and gastrointestinal symptoms. In this podcast, Ashish Adlakha, Assistant Clinical Professor, Neurology and Sleep Medicine, Connecticut Healthcare, gives us a clinical overview. For more on jet lag, visit BMJ Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1017 - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Fadi Badlissi, Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School, and Director of the Musculoskeletal Medicine Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, gives us a clinical overview of gout. For more on gout, visit BMJ Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/13 - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Venezuelan equine encephalitis is a mosquito-borne virus, endemic to Central and South America. It usually causes mild and self-limiting disease in humans, however CNS infection can lead to long-term neurological sequelae and death, particularly in children. In this podcast we get a clinical overview of the disease, from Stalin Vilcarromero, Assistant Professor and Clinical Research Scientist, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, USA. For more on Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, visit BMJ Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1614 - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Nigel Cowley is a GP from the Denmark Road Medical Centre in Bournemouth, UK, with a special interest in mental health, and in this podcast he shares his advice on, and experiences of, assessing, managing and treating patients with anxiety and depression. For more on anxiety and depression, visit BMJ Learning: learning.bmj.com - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Pregnancy in women living with HIV is complicated not only by HIV infection itself but also by the medical and psychosocial comorbidities associated with HIV. Prof Rachel Scott, Scientific Director of Women’s Health Research for MedStar Health Research Institute, and Assistant Professor in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Georgetown University, gives us a clinical overview of caring for pregnant women with HIV. For more on HIV in pregnancy, visit BMJ Best Practice: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/556 - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Henipavirus is a rare, but emerging, infection in the Asia-Pacific region. An outbreak of Nipah virus infection was reported in India in May 2018, but was quickly contained. Catherine Houlihan, Clinical Lecturer at University College London London, gives us a clinical overview of the disease. For more on henipavirus, see BMJ Best Practice: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1607 - The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Global trends in the estimated number of drug users (2009 to 2014) indicate that the use of opioids, including the use of heroin and opium, and the non-medical use of pharmaceutical opioids, has stabilised at high levels. Worldwide, around 35.1 million people are estimated to have used opioids in 2016. How can clinicians recognise and manage those misusing opioids? Here to offer advice is Prof Jonathan Lee, Medical Director at The Farley Center at Williamsburg Place, Williamsburg, US. For more on opioid use disorder, visit Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/200 _ The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

This week, we're joined by Sian Griffiths, Emeritus Professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Visiting Professor at Imperial College London, and Chair of the Public Health England Global Health Committee. Professor Griffiths discusses the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak in Hong Kong, and what healthcare professionals should know about the virus. For more on SARS, visit BMJ Best Practice: newbp.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/904 _ The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Alissa Willis, Staff Neurologist in the Neurological Institute's Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Cleveland Clinic, gives us a clinical overview of multiple sclerosis. For more on multiple sclerosis, visit BMJ Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/140 _ The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.

Sudhakar Selvaraj, assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Texas Health Science Centre, gives us a clinical overview of bipolar disorder. For more on bipolar disorder, visit BMJ Best Practice: bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/488 _ The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. The content of this podcast does not constitute medical advice and it is not intended to function as a substitute for a healthcare practitioner’s judgement, patient care or treatment. The views expressed by contributors are those of the speakers. BMJ does not endorse any views or recommendations discussed or expressed on this podcast. Listeners should also be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. By listening to this podcast, listeners agree not to use its content as the basis for their own medical treatment or for the medical treatment of others.