Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME

How AI Can Assist in the Performance of Point of Care Ultrasound   Guest: Jared Bird, M.D. Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.   Artificial intelligence is rapidly enhancing the performance of cardiac point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) by improving image acquisition, providing easy-to-use tools for automated quantification, and reducing the impact of variability in user training on the acquisition of high-quality cardiac POCUS studies. AI-guidance solutions for obtaining high-yield cardiac POCUS views are helping both experienced clinicians and novice users acquire diagnostic-quality images for the rapid assessment of cardiac pathology. These AI tools serve as a powerful addition to the clinician's toolbox but do not replace comprehensive echocardiography or the expertise of trained healthcare providers.   Topics Discussed: How do AI-guidance solutions improve the acquisition of cardiac point-of-care ultrasound images? Can AI meaningfully shorten the learning curve for trainees and nonexpert users? In what ways does AI enhance image interpretation and quantitative assessment in cardiac POCUS? What AI-guidance and interpretive solutions are currently available on the market? What are the limitations and challenges associated with integrating AI into bedside cardiac POCUS?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on X: @MayoClinicCV  LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic | LinkedIn    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 05-March-2026

Cardioneural Ablation in Practice: Cases, Curves, and Clinical Impact   Guest: Guru Kowlgi, M.B.B.S., M.S. Host: Anthony Kashou, M.D.   In this episode of segment “ECG Making Waves” on Mayo Clinic podcast Interviews With the Experts, Dr. Anthony Kashou interviews Dr. Guru Kowlgi, a consultant in heart rhythm services at Mayo Clinic and assistant professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science. Listeners will hear a deep dive into real-world experience with cardioneural ablation, focusing on case volume, patient selection, and clinical outcomes.     Topics Discussed: What clinical problem is cardioneural ablation trying to solve? Cover indications, both established and new How many cardioneural ablation cases have you performed to date? (How has case selection evolved over time?) What are your success rates? Any complications? Any concerns about long-term autonomic imbalance? What trials or data are still needed?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on X: @MayoClinicCV  LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic | LinkedIn    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 01-May-2026

Epidemiology of Myocarditis   Guest: Leslie Cooper, M.D. Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.   Approximately 1,000,000 cases of myocarditis are diagnosed annually with an incidence of approximately 16/100,000.  The incidence is highest in men between 15 and 45 years of age.  However, after age 60 years, women have higher mortality than men. The overall mortality rate is 0.4/100,000.  The rates of diagnosis are double in high SDI regions compared to low STI regions, most likely due to the availability of the pivot all diagnostic tests, cardiac MRI and heart biopsy.  The incidence rates are stable while the death rates have decreased from 1990 to 2023.  Finally, the causes of myocarditis or changing with more cases of immune checkpoint inhibitor related myocarditis which can affect between 0.2 and 1.1% of patients receiving these cancer therapies.   Topics Discussed: How does the epidemiology of myocarditis help inform clinical practice for individual patient management? Are there clinically important sex differences in myocarditis incidence and mortality which practicing physician should be aware of? Are the causes of myocarditis changing? If so, how does a change in etiology affect management?   For more information, review the study below: Klingel, K., Tschöpe, C., Yon, D.K. et al. Global epidemiology of myocarditis: disparities in age, sex and geography. Nat Rev Cardiol (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-026-01276-w   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on X: @MayoClinicCV  LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic | LinkedIn    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 01-April-2026

Chronic Total Occlusion   Guest: Abhiram Prasad, M.D. Host: Paul Friedman, M.D.   Chronic total occlusions are frequently encountered and are associated with complex coronary artery disease and diffuse atherosclerosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention is a suitable option for relieving angina in select patients who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy. Success rates of over 80% can be routinely achieved by CTO operators with MACE rates of less than 5%.   Topics Discussed: Who is the ideal patient for CTO PCI? Which practices in CTO PCI maximize success and minimize risk? Is there a role of viability testing when evaluating patients for CTO PCI? Is there a role for non-culprit CTO PCI for complete revascularization post AMI? Is there any new clinical trial data for CTO PCI? Are there any new devices for CTO PCI?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on X: @MayoClinicCV  LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic | LinkedIn    Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 14-April-2026

Tricuspid Repair and Replacement in the Cath Lab: A New Era   Guest: Mackram Eleid, M.D. Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.   In this episode of “Interviews With the Experts,” Mayo Clinic consultant in interventional cardiology Dr. Mackram Eleid explored the evolving landscape of transcatheter therapies for tricuspid valve disease. Listeners will hear an overview of current indications, benefits, and risks associated with transcatheter tricuspid repair and replacement. The discussion highlighted key factors that influence the choice between repair and replacement, reviewed current evidence, and examined important knowledge gaps and emerging data that may shape future clinical practice.   Topics Discussed: What is the current threshold to recommend tricuspid intervention in a patient TR? What are the strengths and weaknesses of transcatheter tricuspid repair versus replacement? What evidence in the field is still needed?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on X: @MayoClinicCV  LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic | LinkedIn     Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 18-January-2026

Aortic Stenosis in the Younger Patient in 2026   Guest: Mackram Eleid, M.D. Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.   Dr. Malcolm Bell interviews Dr. Malcolm Eleid on the diagnosis and management of aortic stenosis in younger patients, as well as discussing patient-centered decision-making considerations for lifetime management of aortic stenosis. After review, listeners will understand current indications as well as advantages and disadvantages of transcatheter versus aortic valve replacement for younger patients with aortic stenosis.    Topics Discussed: What factors are taken into account when considering lifetime management of aortic stenosis? Can valve in valve be performed inside of a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) prosthesis? Who are the patients that are better served with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR)?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 28-January-2026

What Cardiologists Should Know About Aortic Pathology   Guest: Melanie Bois, M.D. Host: Malcom Bell, M.D.   Is all aortic disease the same?  In this episode, Dr. Melanie Bois reviews the major diagnostic categories of aortic disease and how they influence patient management, including surgical decision-making, surveillance, and genetic evaluation. The discussion involves the causes of heritable thoracic aortic aneurysms and highlights how pathology findings can provide important clues to underlying genetic syndromes. Finally, Dr. Bois outlines the spectrum of inflammatory aortic diseases and explore key differential diagnoses that help distinguish immune-mediated, infectious, and degenerative processes.   Topics Discussed: Are there special diagnostic considerations for the ascending versus descending aorta? What causes aneurysmal dilatation in the ascending aorta? How does the underlying cause impact management? What should I be looking for in the pathology report?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 28-January-2026

Comparing Marfan Syndrome, Loeys-Dietz Syndrome, and Vascular EDS   Guest: Juan Bowen, M.D. Host: Paul Friedman, M.D.   Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, and vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are clinical problems seen in an aortic clinic. Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a common feature, but the three conditions differ in the severity of aortic and arterial disease and in the types of extracardiac problems that require management. Making an accurate diagnosis is an essential first step in their successful management.   Topics Discussed: What mutations cause Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, and the vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome? What is the natural history of these three conditions? How is aortic and vascular disease managed in these three conditions? What are the non-cardiac problems most often encountered in these three conditions?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 17-February-2026

Inflammatory Aortic Aneurysms   Guest: Kenneth Warrington, M.D. Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.   In this episode of “Interviews With the Experts,” the listener will learn how to identify the common signs and symptoms associated with inflammatory aortic disease, as well as understand the conditions associated with inflammatory aortic aneurysms. Dr. Kenneth Warrington, John F. Finn Minnesota Arthritis Foundation Professor and consultant in rheumatology at Mayo Clinic, reviews the latest imaging techniques and treatments for inflammatory aortic disease.   Topics Discussed: How do patients with inflammatory aortic disease present in clinical practice? Which specific conditions are associated with inflammatory aortic aneurysms? How are inflammatory aortic aneurysms diagnosed? How are patients with inflammatory aortic aneurysms managed?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 15-January-2026

Pulsed Field Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation with Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion   Guest: Ammar Killu, M.B.B.S. Host: Anthony Kashou, M.D.   In this episode of Interviews with the Expert: ECG Making Waves, host Dr. Anthony Kashou is joined by Dr. Ammar Killu to discuss the evolving role of combining pulsed field ablation (PFA) with left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) for patients with atrial fibrillation. Together, they explore the rationale for a combined approach, the potential advantages of PFA over conventional thermal ablation, and key procedural considerations for performing both interventions safely and effectively in a single session.   Topics Discussed: Why consider combining pulsed field ablation and left atrial appendage occlusion in the same AF patient? What does PFA add compared with conventional thermal ablation when planning a combined ablation–LAAO strategy? What are the procedural caveats when PFA and LAAO are done concomitantly?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 26-June-2026

What the Cardiologist Needs to Know About Marfan Syndrome   Guest: Juan Bowen, M.D. Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.   The prevalence of Marfan syndrome is estimated to be 1 in 5,000 people. Approximately 75% of cases are inherited and 25% are de novo mutations. Marfan syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene encoding for fibrillin 1. Management includes protection of the aorta with medication, surveillance imaging, and timely preventive aortic repair. Extracardiac problems are less lethal but affect quality of life.   Topics Discussed: What are the physical findings in Marfan syndrome? What is the relationship of fibrillin 1 to the TGF beta pathway? Which medications have been shown to have aortic protective effects? When should patients have aortic repair? How is pregnancy managed in Marfan syndrome? How should non cardiac problems be managed?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 14-January-2026

Contraception Decision-making for Pre-menopausal Women with Cardiovascular Disease   Guest: Margaret Long, M.D. Host: Marysia Tweet, M.D., M.S.   This podcast discusses how to approach contraceptive counseling for premenopausal women with cardiovascular disease, emphasizing individualized decision-making based on pregnancy goals and medical risks. It highlights safer options—such as progestin-only methods and intrauterine devices—while cautioning against estrogen-containing contraceptives due to increased thrombotic risk. The discussion also reviews practical considerations for cardiologists, including managing contraception after cardiac events and coordinating care with specialists. Overall, it underscores that effective contraception is typically safer than pregnancy for patients with significant cardiac conditions   Topics Discussed: How do you approach contraception decision making in a patient with cardiac disease? Are some contraception options safer than others? Are those options just as effective? Will a specific method affect blood pressure or cholesterol? Are there other side effects to be aware of? What if a patient has an adverse event such as a heart attack or pulmonary embolus while on oral contraception? What is your approach to those patients? What are the most important lessons you would like to share with cardiovascular specialists?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 23-January-2026

Differential Diagnosis and Workup of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm   Guest: Juan M. Bowen, M.D. Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.   Thoracic aortic aneurysms are often found as incidental findings on imaging done for other indications.  In this episode, listeners will learn more about the approach the Mayo Clinic Marfan and Thoracic Aorta Clinic takes. We can often find the cause by taking a directed family history and personal history, by looking for key physical findings, and by obtaining appropriate imaging and often also genetic tests.   Topics Discussed: What is the differential diagnosis in adult patients? What questions are most helpful in the patient history, and what physical findings should the examiner look for? What cardiac and vascular imaging should be done on the initial evaluation? When should genetic tests be considered? When should preventive aortic repair be considered?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 14-January-2026

The Central Role of Cardiac MRI in the Management of Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy Patients   Guest: Gosia Wamil, M.D., Ph.D. Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.   Cardiac MRI is now central to heart failure care, moving beyond imaging to guide diagnosis and treatment. It distinguishes disease causes, identifies fibrosis and scar, and uncovers specific conditions in both HFrEF and HFpEF. By providing prognostic markers, it helps tailor therapies and improve outcomes—delivering the right treatment at the right time. In this episode of "Interviews With the Experts," Dr. Malcolm Bell interviews Dr. Gosia Wamil from Mayo Clinic London practice on the role of cardiac MRI in practice.   Topics Discussed: When does CMR change the management decision? CMR findings Which CMR biomarkers truly predict outcomes—and how should clinicians act on them? From echo-first to CMR-led pathways: what should every HF service implement now?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 14-January-2026

AI in Imaging: How Will it Change What We Do   Guest: Tim Poterucha, M.D. Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.   Artificial intelligence (AI) is beginning to reshape how we acquire, interpret, and act on cardiovascular imaging, particularly echocardiography. In this episode, we’ll walk through how we got here—from the historical innovation arc of echo to modern AI tools that segment images, detect disease, and support interpretation—and discuss what is real, what is hype, and where the true clinical opportunities and risks lie. We’ll also explore what this means for practicing clinicians and trainees who are considering a future in imaging.   Topics Discussed: When it comes specifically to cardiovascular imaging, what is the current role of AI, and why is imaging such a natural fit for these tools? What are the problems with how we interpret imaging now, and what are the risks of AI? What is hype right now, and what is real? Is AI going to replace cardiologists for medical imaging interpretation, and should cardiology fellows be worried about going into imaging with the rise of AI?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded 01-December-2025

Menopause Management In Women with Cardiovascular Disease   Guest: Chrisandra Shufelt, M.D. Host: Marysia Tweet, M.D., M.S.   Listeners of this episode of “Interviews with the Experts” will gain a practical, evidence-based framework for managing menopausal symptoms in women with cardiovascular disease or elevated CVD risk. Through discussion of patient selection, menopause-specific cardiovascular risk factors, and the evolving data on hormone therapy. Listeners will leave better equipped to individualize care and counsel patients with confidence.   Topics Discussed: Treatment for menopause symptoms in women with risk factors for CVD  Appropriate candidates for hormone therapy Which cardiovascular risk factors are attributable to ovarian aging (menopause) versus chronological aging? What does the current evidence show regarding claims that menopausal hormone therapy prevents cardiovascular disease? How might the FDA’s removal of the black box warning from menopausal hormone therapy labeling affect clinician prescribing practices and patient decision-making?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 15-January-2026

Handheld Ultrasound and Detection of Valve and Other Structural Heart Disease   Guest: Jared Bird, M.D. Host: Paul Friedman, M.D.   Handheld ultrasound is rapidly changing cardiovascular structural heart disease assessment by allowing clinicians and researchers to detect valvular and structural heart disease earlier and more accurately. Advances in AI imaging guidance and interpretation further bridge the gap between physical exam and formal comprehensive echocardiography. It is important to realize how complimentary handheld ultrasound can be in the early detection of structural heat disease but does not replace diagnostic echocardiography.   Topics Discussed: How does handheld ultrasound improve upon the traditional physical exam when it comes to identifying valvular or structural heart disease? What are the most common valve or structural abnormalities that clinicians can reliably detect using handheld ultrasound today? How are we using handheld ultrasound to screen patients for structural heart disease in a research setting? How do AI-ECG and handheld ultrasound intersect to provide optimal screening of asymptomatic patients with structural heart disease?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 30-December-2025

What Do I Need to Know About Pulsed Field Ablation?   Guest: Christopher DeSimone, Host: Anthony Kashou, M.D.   In this episode of “ECG Making Waves, hosted by Dr. Anthony Kashou with guest Dr. Christopher DeSimone, the focus is on understanding the evolution of ablation technology, particularly why the field has shifted toward pulsed field ablation. The conversation explores the key differences between traditional thermal ablation methods and pulsed field ablation, highlighting mechanisms, safety profiles, and clinical advantages. Additionally, it provides insight into what patients and clinicians can expect on the day of an ablation procedure, as well as important considerations for post-procedure follow-up and recovery.   Topics Discussed: What is pulsed field ablation? What are some of the differences between risks seen with thermal ablation vs. those seen with pulsed field ablation? How does efficiency of the procedure or speed of the procedure change what you do for ablation?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 28-January-2026

Cardiovascular Care of the Masters Athlete   Guest: Kathryn Larson, M.D. Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.   In this podcast, Dr. Kathryn Larson will discuss current research on the influence of exercise on cardiovascular physiology and health. Specifically, she will discuss her research on the effects of life-long endurance exercise exposures on cardiac function and exercise capacity, particularly as it pertains to female masters athletes. This unique population can serve as an important model of healthy cardiovascular aging and offer therapeutic insights into how exercise truly is an effective therapy.   Topics Discussed: On a “big picture” scale, what is interesting and unique about older adults who continue to maintain a high level of exercise training? Aging and the accumulation of cardiac and non-cardiac diseases clearly impact cardiovascular function over time. What lessons can we learn from masters athletes on how things like aging, menopause, and cardiovascular disease interact with a life-long habit of exercise? What are some of the challenges that come with studying masters athletes? Is there such a thing as “too much exercise?”   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!   No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here. Recorded on 09-December-2026.

Pregnancy, Labor and Delivery, and Postpartum Care in Women with Cardiovascular Disease   Guest: Carl Rose, M.D. Guest: Katie Young, M.D. Guest: Katherine Arendt, M.D. Host: Marysia Tweet, M.D., M.S.   Where patients deliver babies matters, particularly for women with cardiac disease. In this episode, Dr. Marysia Tweet interviews three experts on CVD, OB, and anesthesia. High-risk centers provide 24/7 in-house obstetric anesthesia and multidisciplinary resources that support anticipatory planning and rapid response to obstetric, cardiovascular, and anesthesia emergencies during labor and delivery. Whenever possible, cardiac obstetric patients should be managed by a multidisciplinary Pregnancy Heart Team from preconception to delivery to optimize planning and outcomes.    Topics Discussed: Role of an obstetric anesthesiologist on a labor and delivery unit Coordination of cardiology, OB anesthesia, MFM, and nursing care during labor and delivery Cardiac indications for assisted vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery Telemetry and ICU level monitoring postpartum   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 19-February-2026

AI ECG for Valvular Disease and Diastolic Function   Guest: Jae Oh, M.D. Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.   In this episode of “Interview With the Experts,” Dr. Kyle Klarich interviews Dr. Jae Oh on the use of AI ECG in his practice. ECG is widely available and standardized. AI ECG can be used for screening important left heart conditions and helpful in identifying asymptomatic patients with significant diastolic dysfunction or aortic stenosis. AI ECG can be a useful prognostic parameter when applied appropriately.   Topics Discussed: How did you get involved in AI ECG for diastolic function and AS? How did you develop AI ECG algorithms? How does AI ECG perform for diastolic function and AS? What do you think is the optimal clinical application of AI ECG?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 02-October-2025

Preconception Counseling for High-Risk Women   Guest: Katie Young, M.D. Guest: Carl Rose, M.D. Host: Marysia Tweet, M.D.   Preconception counseling for high-risk women focuses on identifying and optimizing cardiovascular, metabolic, and medical conditions before pregnancy to reduce maternal and fetal risk. This podcast highlights risk stratification, medication review, and delivery planning considerations that can meaningfully improve pregnancy and postpartum outcomes.   Topics Discussed: Core components of a comprehensive preconception evaluation How do tools like modified WHO classification and CARPREG II inform counseling? Cardiac medications and pregnancy Cardiovascular surveillance across pregnancy in high-risk patients    2025 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease and pregnancy: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/46/43/4462/8234487   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 08-January-2026

Common Scenarios in ACHD   Guest: Maan Jokhadar, M.D. Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.   In this third and final episode discussing ACHD, Drs. Bell and Jokhadar review practical management considerations for adults with congenital heart disease, focusing on common conditions encountered in general cardiology and primary care. The discussion highlights bicuspid aortic valve disease and associated aortopathy, repaired tetralogy of Fallot and coarctation of the aorta, prosthetic valve management, anticoagulation and bridging decisions, and current recommendations for endocarditis prophylaxis. Emphasis is placed on surveillance, complication prevention, and thoughtful risk–benefit assessment in routine and procedural care. Be sure to listen to the previous two episodes, “The Hospitalized ACHD Patient” and “ACHD for the Primary Care Provider.”   Topics Discussed: Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) Coarctation of the Aorta (COA) Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) Mechanical and Bioprosthetic Valves Anticoagulation Management Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE) Prophylaxis   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 04-November-2025

Menorrhagia Management in Women with Cardiovascular Disease   Guest: Shannon Laughlin-Tommaso, M.D. Host: Marysia Tweet, M.D., M.S.   Heavy menstrual bleeding is a condition that occurs before menopause and can be caused by both hormonal and structural conditions, like fibroids or adenomyosis. There are many medical and procedural options for treating bleeding which are safe in women with CVD. Although hysterectomy is a definitive option for HMB, it can increase risks of CVD in young women.   Topics Discussed: What are the causes of heavy menstrual bleeding? what are the options for treating heavy menstrual bleeding in patients on or off anticoagulation?  Is heavy menstrual bleeding a risk factor for CVD?    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded 06-January-2026

ACHD for the Primary Care Provider   Guest: Maan Jokhadar, M.D. Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.    This is the second of three episodes on adult congenital heart disease. Be sure to go back and listen to episode one, “The Hospitalized ACHD Patient.” In this episode, listeners will hear a primer on caring for adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) in the primary care setting. Dr. Malcolm Bell and Dr. Maan Jokhadar discuss when ACHD patients should be referred for specialized evaluation, how to locate clinics, and which symptoms should raise concern. Key practical tips are shared to help avoid common pitfalls and ensure safe, effective care for this unique patient population.   Topics Discussed: Do all patients with CHD need to be seen in an ACHD clinic? How to locate ACHD clinic? What are some alarm symptoms for ACHD? Common pitfalls to avoid   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 04-November-2025

Pacing and Defibrillation Without Leads   Guest: Nicholas Tan, M.D. Host: Anthony Kashou, M.D.   In this episode, listeners will hear about the history of pacemakers and defibrillators, both with and without leads. Potential risks and complications associated with transvenous cardiac devices are discussed. The listener should gain an awareness of leadless pacing and extravascular defibrillator systems.   Topics Discussed: What are some of the risks associated with transvenous device implants? What is leadless pacing, and how is it generally performed? How does a defibrillator without transvenous leads work? When will you consider “transvenous-free” pacing or defibrillation systems?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   09-December-2025

The Hospitalized ACHD Patient   Guest: Maan Jokhadar, M.D. Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.   This is the first of three episodes on adult congenital heart disease. Adults with congenital heart disease are often admitted for a wide range of cardiac and non-cardiac issues, many of which carry unique management considerations. This episode emphasizes the importance of early ACHD consultation, especially in patients with cyanosis or prior complex repairs, and why even “simple” lesions deserve careful attention. We also touch on key bedside considerations that can significantly impact outcomes if overlooked. The goal is to build awareness and confidence when caring for this growing and complex patient population.   Topics Discussed: Why are ACHD patients admitted?  When should a practitioner consult ACHD for their patient?  What are some of the common pitfalls to avoid?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 04-November-2025

Does Lifestyle Affect Pregnancy and Congenital Birth Defects?   Guest: Katie Young, M.D. Guest: Carl Rose, M.D. Host: Marysia Tweet, M.D., M.S.   Lifestyle choices before and during pregnancy can shape both maternal cardiovascular risk and fetal development. In this podcast, we explore how lifestyle factors before and during pregnancy influence maternal cardiovascular health and pregnancy outcomes.   Topics Discussed: If a woman wishes to become pregnant, what can she do to minimize risk of adverse events during pregnancy or the postpartum period?  Are there certain lifestyle choices that are known to cause pregnancy complications?  Are there certain lifestyle choices that are known to cause congenital birth defects?  Are there any women for whom you would advise daily baby aspirin during pregnancy?  Are there lifestyle factors that should prompt enhanced fetal cardiac surveillance? What cardiovascular or metabolic risk factors should ideally be optimized before conception? Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Gene Therapy and Genetic Cardiomyopathies   Guest: John Giudicessi, M.D., Ph.D. Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.   In this podcast, listeners will learn what gene therapy is and the types of genes therapies under development for an array of genetically mediated cardiovascular disorders. In addition, active and upcoming gene therapy clinical trials for the treatment of specific arrhythmogenic, dilated, hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy genotypes will be discussed.   Topics Discussed: What is gene therapy? How do gene therapies differ from conventional management of genetic arrhythmogenic, dilated, hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathies? Are there different types of gene therapies? What gene therapy trials are currently active or upcoming at Mayo Clinic and other institutions?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded 21-October-2025

Leadless Pacemakers and Extravascular ICDs   Guest: Alan M. Sugrue, M.B., B.Ch., B.A.O. Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.   This episode of “Interviews With the Experts” explores how leadless pacemakers and extravascular ICDs are redefining device therapy by minimizing lead- and pocket-related complications while expanding options for patients with complex anatomy or infection risk. Listeners will learn how these systems differ from traditional transvenous technologies, review key data on safety and efficacy, and understand which patient profiles are best suited for each approach.   Topics Discussed: How do leadless pacemakers differ from traditional transvenous systems in terms of technology, complication profile, and clinical outcomes? In which patient populations should leadless pacing be considered as a first-line option? What are the key design and functional differences between extravascular and subcutaneous ICDs? What advantages and limitations should clinicians understand when deciding between these two systems?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded 21-October-2025

Translating the DGA Into Real-World Cardiometabolic Care   Guest: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D. Host: Kyla M. Lara-Breitinger, M.D., M.H.S.   In this third episode roundtable, Dr. Lara Breitinger and Dr. Steve Kopecky examine what the DGAs get right—and where they fall short—for cardiovascular risk, from their emphasis on whole-food patterns to ongoing gaps around food processing, nutrient oversimplification, and sustainability messaging. They share how they translate the guidelines into real-world cardiometabolic care, including the evidence-based principles they use in clinic and when to individualize beyond national recommendations. Looking ahead, they explore the future of nutrition guidance—food as medicine, precision cardiometabolic care, and outcomes-driven recommendations—reminding listeners that the DGA is a starting point and to focus on "one bite at a time."   Topics Discussed: The mismatch between guidelines and patients What the DGA gets right—and wrong—for CV risk How you counsel patients today Where nutrition guidance needs to go next   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 10-February-2026

Applications of the New DGA   Guest: Tara Schmidt, RDN, LD Host: Kyla Lara-Breitinger, M.D., M.H.S.   Every five years, new dietary guidelines for Americans are put out by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2025-2030 (10th edition) was recently published in early 2026 and has sparked some controversy with not only its visual icon, but some of its emphases as well. In this second episode reviewing the new DGA, Dr. Kyla-Lara Breitinger and Tara Schmidt, RDN, LD review what the new guidelines advise and what may be confusing for consumers.     Topics Discussed: Do you want to share a bit of history around the DGAs? What recommendations from the new DGAs align with longstanding nutrition science? Are there elements of the new guidelines that raise any concern? What should be some key nutritional focuses for Americans, given what we know about their health status?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 05-February-2026

Dietary Guidelines of America: What Changed, What Didn’t, and Why it Matters   Guest: Dariush Mozaffarian, M.D., Dr.P.H. Host: Kyla Lara-Breitinger, M.D., M.H.S.   The release of the new Dietary Guidelines for Americans has sparked important conversations across medicine, public health, and clinical practice. In this three-episode Interview with the Experts mini-series, Mayo Clinic preventive cardiologist Dr. Kyla Lara-Breitinger brings clarity to what the guidelines mean for patients and clinicians alike—cutting through headlines, controversy, and confusion with evidence-based insights from national and Mayo Clinic experts. Together, we explore what’s new, what remains unchanged, where debate persists, and how these guidelines translate into real-world cardiometabolic care, with a strong emphasis on practical, patient-centered nutrition advice.   Topics Discussed: Why does the new DGA matter for cardiology? What’s new vs. recycled? Core controversies Clinical takeaways   Referenced article: Mozaffarian D. The 2025-2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. JAMA. Published online January 14, 2026. doi:10.1001/jama.2026.0283 The 2025-2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans | Lifestyle Behaviors | JAMA | JAMA Network    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded on: 27-January-2026

Conduction System Pacing   Guest: Nicholas Tan, M.D., M.S. Host: Anthony Kashou, M.D.   In this episode of the “ECG Making Waves” segment of Mayo Clinic’s cardiovascular podcast series “Interviews with the Experts,” Dr. Nicholas Tan joins us to discuss conduction system pacing. The listener will hear about the basics and rationale of conduction system pacing, as well as clinical scenarios where it should be considered.   Topics Discussed: How does conduction system pacing (or CSP) differ from conventional means of pacing? In broad strokes, how is CSP performed? In what situations would you consider doing CSP? Are there any risks or uncertainties regarding CSP?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.   Recorded 09-December-2025

AI Detection of Cardiac Amyloidosis   Guest: Patricia Pellikka, M.D. Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.   Dr. Patricia Pellikka dives into the AI model she helped build. Working with an AI echo company, Ultromics Ltd., her team built an AI echo model to detect cardiac amyloidosis. The model works from an apical 4 chamber videoclip and was approved by the FDA via the breakthrough pathway. They have validated it internationally in a population with 22% prevalence of cardiac amyloidosis and it had a sensitivity of 85%, specificity 93%, PPV 78%, NPV 96%, and AUC 0.93.  The performance of the model was consistent across cardiac amyloid types; among AL, wild type ATTR, and hereditary ATTR, the sensitivity was 84%, 85%, and 86%, respectively.  The performance of the model was also superior to previously validated scores which use clinical and echocardiographic variables for detecting cardiac amyloidosis. The results of the study were published online in the European Heart Journal in July.   Topics Discussed: You have built an AI echo model to detect cardiac amyloidosis.  How did you get into this? Tell us about the model that you built. How did you validate it? How does the model compare with other screening methods for detecting cardiac amyloidosis? What are the next steps for your research?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Clopidogrel Monotherapy in Chronic Coronary Artery Disease   Guest: Keri Zieminski, APRN, C.N.P., D.N.P. Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.   This episode of Mayo Clinic’s “Interviews With the Experts” will give an overview of clopidogrel monotherapy in patients with chronic CAD that are not on anticoagulation. Discussion will include why there has been a shift towards redefining antiplatelet medical therapy for this patient population, brief overview of recent trials, and how to manage a patient on clopidogrel monotherapy that needs to undergo noncardiac surgery.   Topics Discussed: Why has there been a shift towards redefining antiplatelet medical therapy in patients with chronic CAD? What's changed? Recently published trials that highlight clopidogrel monotherapy. What is your process for managing a patient on clopidogrel monotherapy that needs to go for noncardiac surgery?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Global Practices in Cardiac Imaging for Cardiac Sarcoidosis   Guest: Tahir Kafil, M.D. Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.   Cardiac imaging is a cornerstone in the diagnostic work-up and management of cardiac sarcoidosis. However, indications and use of advanced cardiac imaging vary from institution to institution, and even between providers at the same institution. We conducted an international Delphi consensus study of 89 global experts in cardiac sarcoidosis to evaluate real-world clinical practices and use of advanced cardiac imaging. We developed consensus for use of advanced cardiac imaging in cardiac sarcoidosis. Areas lacking consensus were noted as priority areas for research.   Topics Discussed: From a big picture perspective, how is cardiac sarcoidosis generally diagnosed? What exactly is the Delphi methodology your team used to build consensus?  The suggested algorithm for imaging in suspected cardiac sarcoidosis uses pretest probability, how was that defined? Was cardiac MRI superior to PET in your study? Does one have to be first? How do experts decide how often to do follow up PET imaging in established cardiac sarcoidosis? What were areas of priority research that were identified? The research study cited by Dr. Kafil was published on June 2, 2025. Click the following link to view the paper: https://www.jacc.org/doi/full/10.1016/j.jcmg.2025.02.010   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Anticoagulation Monotherapy in Patients with Chronic Coronary Artery Disease and Atrial Fibrillation   Guest: Keri Zieminski, APRN, C.N.P., D.N.P. Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.   This episode of Mayo Clinic’s “Interviews With the Experts” will give an overview of anticoagulation monotherapy in patients with chronic CAD and atrial fibrillation. Discussion will include a brief overview of recently published trials that highlight the use of anticoagulation monotherapy in chronic CAD with atrial fibrillation, and how to manage a patient on anticoagulation monotherapy that needs to undergo noncardiac surgery.    Topics Discussed: Why has there been a shift towards redefining antithrombotic medical therapy in patients with chronic CAD with atrial fibrillation? What's changed? Recently published trials that highlight the use of anticoagulation monotherapy in the chronic CAD + AF population. What is your process for managing a patient on anticoagulation monotherapy that needs to go for noncardiac surgery?    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Updated Guidelines for Perioperative Cardiovascular Management for Noncardiac Surgery   Guest: Michael Cullen, M.D. Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.   This episode of Mayo Clinic’s “Interviews With the Experts” reviews the assessment of patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease undergoing noncardiac surgery.  Dr. Michael Cullen discusses recommendations from 2024 ACC/AHA perioperative guidelines regarding medication management before and after noncardiac surgery, including recommendations for antiplatelet therapy and bridging anticoagulation.  Finally, he highlights new recommendations in the recent 2024 ACC/AHA perioperative guidelines and compare these guidelines to the 2022 European Society of Cardiology perioperative guidelines.   Topics Discussed: How should clinicians approach the assessment of a patient prior to noncardiac surgery? How should physicians and APPs manage cardiac medications around the time of noncardiac surgery? What are some of the new recommendations in the 2024 ACC/AHA guidelines for perioperative management prior to noncardiac surgery? How do the 2024 ACC/AHA perioperative guidelines differ from the 2022 ESC noncardiac surgery guidelines?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Obesity, Hypertension, and Risk Factors in Terms of Prevention and Decreasing the Risk of HfpEF   Guest: Affan Irfan, M.D., Ph.D. Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.   HFpEF is a type of heart failure where the heart pumps normally but becomes stiff. This leads to fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. It is closely linked to obesity, hypertension, and metabolic disorders, with cases rising as these conditions become more common.   Topics Discussed: What is HFpEF and its risk factors? How common are obesity and hypertension, and how often do they lead to HFpEF? How do you diagnose HFpEF? How effective are weight loss, diet, and exercise in preventing HFpEF? What medical and public health strategies help reduce these risk factors and HFpEF cases?    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Aortic Regurgitation: Beyond the Valve   Guest: Vidhu Anand, M.B.B.S. Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.   In this episode of Mayo Clinic’s “Interviews With the Experts,” Dr. Klarich and Dr. Anand discuss evolving approaches to assessing left ventricular remodeling in chronic aortic regurgitation. Dr. Vidhu Anand discusses research showing that LV volumes, global longitudinal strain, and myocardial fibrosis can detect dysfunction earlier than traditional guideline thresholds. Listeners can expect to better understand the role of multimodality imaging, extra valvular involvement, and practical steps echocardiographers can take to optimize AR assessment.    Topics Discussed: What imaging markers help detect early myocardial dysfunction in AR, and how do they assist in risk stratification? Guidelines traditionally focus on LV dimensions and ejection fraction for surgical decision-making in AR. Is there any data that guidelines may not be capturing patients at the optimal time? Is there a role of multimodality imaging in AR? What practical steps can a sonographer or echocardiographer today to bring their AR assessment closer to what your research suggests is optimal?     Please reference Dr. Anand's research article(s) here: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39545891/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33253815/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39218370/   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Presentation, Evaluation, and Management of Premature Ventricular Contractions   Guest: Alan M. Sugrue, M.B., B.Ch., B.A.O. Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.   In this episode, Dr. Anthony Kashou and Dr. Alan Sugrue cover a practical, evidence-based approach to premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), from incidental findings to high-burden, high-risk presentations. Listeners will gain tools to differentiate benign from pathologic PVCs, understand when to monitor versus refer, and recognize the role of catheter ablation in improving outcomes.   Topics Discussed: PVCs show up on Holters and ECGs all the time — how do you decide when they matter? How often do PVCs cause cardiomyopathy, and when should we act? When should we consider ablation even if the patient is asymptomatic? What’s the biggest misconception about PVC ablation today? Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Tricuspid Regurgitation: New Insights and Implications for Clinical Practice   Guest: Vidhu Anand, M.B.B.S. Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.   This episode of Mayo Clinic’s “Interviews With the Experts,” explores new insights into tricuspid regurgitation and its implications for clinical practice. Dr. Vidhu Anand discusses the dynamic nature of TR, its impact on prognosis, and the importance of close monitoring even when the condition appears to improve. The conversation highlights evolving guideline considerations, patient risk stratification, and how AI and machine learning may soon support earlier, more personalized interventions. Listeners will gain practical takeaways on when to escalate care and how to optimize long-term outcomes for TR patients.   Topics Discussed: How has our understanding of the natural history of tricuspid regurgitation changed, and what does this mean for the way we monitor and counsel patients? What are the current indications for intervention in isolated TR? How is TR currently classified? Are there any novel classifications based on patient’s risk profile, since comorbidities play an important role in TR? Review of Mayo Clinic study using AI/machine learning and outcomes in TR.   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Cardiovascular Diet Myths   Guest: Stephen Kopecky, M.D. Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.   Since 2018, Trans-Fats are prohibited from being a food additive in the US. In this episode of “Interviews With the Experts,” Dr. Stephen Kopecky discussed how trans fats are still in our food, just not as much as pre-2018, and the main sources of trans fat are ultra-processed foods. Listeners will learn what foods scan raise your blood cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, increase heart attack risk, accelerate the aging process, and slow the aging process.   Topics Discussed: Are some trans-fats still sneaking into our food? If a person eats food high in cholesterol, can blood levels of cholesterol (LDL-C) go up? Which artificial sweeteners increase CV risk? Can diet actually speed up or slow down the aging process?    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Evolving Treatment Landscape in Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis   Guest: Rosalyn Adigun, M.D., Pharm.D. Host: S. Allen Luis, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.   In this episode of Mayo Clinic’s “Interviews With the Experts,” Dr. Allen Luis interviews Dr. Rosalyn Adigun on transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. Listeners will come away with a detailed overview of the evolution of treatment options for patient diagnosed with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, highlighting historical perspectives, early registration studies, current treatment options, and an outlook on future directions in the management of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis.   Topics Discussed: Overview of the historical perspectives on the diagnosis and management of transthyretin amyloidosis. Current treatment options available for transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, and factors that should guide a clinician's decision regarding the choice of therapy. Treatment options in the coming years. Ongoing research initiatives in the management of cardiac amyloidosis.    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Radiation Therapy and its Effect on the Heart and Cardiac Devices   Guest: Nicholas Tan, M.D., M.S. Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.   Mayo Clinic electrophysiologist Dr. Nicholas Tan joins Dr. Anthony Kashou on this episode of “ECG Making Waves” to discuss how radiation therapy can impact the heart and heart rhythm. After listening to this podcast, listeners will have developed awareness of the complexities behind managing cardiac devices in cancer patients.   Topics Discussed: What effect does radiation therapy have on the heart? What arrhythmias can be seen with radiation therapy? How can radiation therapy impact cardiac device management? Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

When to Consider Intervention for Peripheral Arterial Disease   Guest: Stan Henkin, M.D. Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.   Although optimal medical therapy is key to decrease the risk of major adverse cardiac events in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), lower extremity arterial revascularization also plays an important role in management of symptoms and prevention of amputation. Thus, it is important to recognize the optimal timing for patient to be referred for lower extremity arterial revascularization. This podcast will discuss when patients with established PAD should be considered for peripheral revascularization.   Topics Discussed: Can you tell us about clinical subsets of PAD and what symptoms may be expected with each subset? Recent BEST-CLI trial garnered a lot of attention and press. Can you tell us more about this trial and why results are important for treatment of patients with CLTI? When should a patient with claudication be referred for revascularization?    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Heart Healthy Diet: How to Evaluate Your Patients   Guest: Kyla Lara-Breitinger, M.D. Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.   Nutrition counseling plays a vital role in cardiovascular care, and even brief conversations can make a meaningful impact. Rapid dietary screeners offer a practical way to assess how heart healthy a patient’s eating pattern is, helping providers initiate valuable discussions. While no single cardioprotective diet stands above the rest, emphasizing reduced intake of ultra-processed foods and ensuring adequate protein—primarily from plant-based sources and lean animal proteins like poultry, fish, and seafood—can support heart health. These dietary priorities become especially important in later life stages, when maintaining lean muscle mass is critical to reducing risks of frailty, morbidity, and mortality.   How do you evaluate whether your patient is following a heart healthy dietary pattern? What makes a cardioprotective diet different from other diets? Is there a best diet or go-to-diet that is superior to all? When discussing nutrition with patients, what key advice should you prioritize?   Easily check your diet with mini-eat.org as discussed by Dr. Lara-Breitinger and Dr. Kopecky!    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

2024 Peripheral Arterial Guidelines: What’s New   Guest: Stan Henkin, M.D. Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.   The new iteration of ACC/AHA/AACVPR/APMA/ABC/SCAI/SVM/SVN/SVS/SIR/VESS Guideline for the Management of Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease came out in 2024, providing multiple new recommendations for the management of lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) as compared to the 2016 PAD Guideline. These recommendations were made in light of multiple new trials since the prior guideline, including use of antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy, lipid-lowering therapy and structured exercise therapy. For the first time, these guidelines also underscore the importance of health disparities in PAD. This podcast will highlight these new recommendations with focus on prevention of adverse events in patients with PAD.    Topics Discussed: Why was an update of 2016 PAD guidelines necessary? What are important new class I recommendations in the guidelines? For the first time, health disparities are highlighted for patients with PAD. Why was this done?    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Patients Struggling With SVT/AVNRT and Catheter Ablation   Guest: Christopher DeSimone, M.D., Ph.D. Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.   In this episode, Dr. Anthony Kashou and Dr. Christopher DeSimone dive into the challenges patients face with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). They explore treatment options ranging from medications to catheter ablation, highlighting how these approaches aim to improve quality of life. Listeners will learn what to expect during an ablation procedure, including safety, anesthesia, and risks. Most importantly, they discuss how patients can feel empowered to make informed decisions about their care and reclaim confidence in their health.    Topics Discussed: Options and goals of current treatment options for AVNRT/SVT Catheter ablation as a means to treat and cure AVNRT/SVT What to expect and what will occur during AVNRT ablation Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Effects of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Heart   Guest: Amir Lerman, M.D. Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.   Social isolation and loneliness are common, mainly in the elderly, and are regarded as major cardiovascular risk factors. The factors are associated with an increase in cardiovascular events and mortality. Additionally, social isolation and loneliness are associated with increased systemic inflammation and progression of atherosclerosis   Topics Discussed: How do you identify social isolation? Mechanism of social isolation and loneliness on CV health Prevalences and risk of social isolation and loneliness Findings of a recent study from Mayo Clinic Case story: the Roseto effect Potential therapy    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Ischemia with No Obstructive Arteries (INOCA) in 2024    Guest: Claire Raphael, M.B.B.S., Ph.D. Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.   INOCA is a common condition. It is an acronym that stands for ischemia with non-obstructive coronary artery disease. We discuss when to consider a diagnosis of INOCA, how to diagnose it and how to treat patients.   Topics Discussed: What is INOCA? Who is at risk for INOCA? How do we manage INOCA?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Statin Myopathy   Guest: Stephen Kopecky, M.D. Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.   Statins are very helpful to lower LDL cholesterol and subsequently lower cardiovascular risk.  Studies of statins have excluded subjects that are statin intolerant which is usually due to muscle symptoms such as aches, called myalgias, muscle cramps, or weakness.  One of the most significant predictors of statin intolerance is the dose -the higher the dose, the more likely to develop intolerance.  Accepted in recommended ways to minimize intolerance is to use generic combination therapy with a lower dose statin and a cholesterol absorption inhibiting agent such as ezetimibe.  Newer agents such as PCS K 9 inhibitors and inclisiran, both given subQ, and bempedoic acid may reduce statin muscle symptoms.   Topics Discussed: Is any statin more or less likely to cause statin associated muscle symptoms? Are there any protective medications that can minimize statin myalgias? What newer non-statin agents have been shown to reduce risk of myalgias? How is treating high cholesterol levels becoming more like treating blood pressure?     Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recent Updates in AF Guidelines   Guest: Christopher DeSimone, M.D., Ph.D. Guest: Abhishek Deshmukh, M.B.B.S. Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.   There have been several recent publications from major societies (ACC/HRS/EHRA/ESC) regarding atrial fibrillation management updates.  These include updates to treatment interventions in patients with AFib such as catheter ablation, medical therapy, heart failure, and timing of intervention.   Topics Discussed: What are the new recommendations on catheter ablation? What is new regarding the relationship between atrial fibrillation and heart failure? Are there new guidelines on Intervention and timing in atrial fibrillation management? Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Patient Selection and the Role of Echo Imaging for Tricuspid Structural Heart Procedures   Guest: Jeremy Thaden, M.D. Host: Paul Friedman, M.D.   This podcast will give an overview of the growth of transcatheter structural heart procedures in recent years and the co-evolution of structural heart imaging (echocardiography) for patient selection and guidance.   Topics Discussed: Mayo’s experience with transcatheter structural heart procedures How has echo imaging evolved to facilitate guidance of structural heart procedures? What advice can you give for those interested in structural heart imaging?    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

What is ECG Age Vs. Chronological age, and How to Use it in Your CV Prevention Practice   Guest: Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, M.D., M.S. Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.   After listening to this episode of the CV Prevention segment of Mayo Clinic’s podcast “Interviews with the Experts,” listeners will better understand why it is important to differentiate between biological and chronological age. This is something that may help identify increased risk for age-related conditions and factors that may adversely affecting a person’s health. Listeners will become familiar with different ways to measure aging rate or biological age, especially with ECG age. Finally, factors that appear to affect biological age, such as social determinants of health, lack of exercise, excess weight, and stress are discussed.    Topics Discussed: What is ECG Age? How did your team come up with the idea? Why is important to differentiate between biological age and chronological age?    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Robotic Cardiac Surgery   Guest: Phillip Rowse, M.D. Guest: Marty Unruh, APRN, C.N.P., D.N.P. Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.   In this episode of “Interviews With the Experts,” listeners will hear a discussion on the most important questions patients should ask as they consider whether or not to pursue a robotic-assisted approach for surgical treatment of their valvular heart disease.  It is clarified how robotic heart surgery works, including associated risks, benefits, and misconceptions. And finally, there is a discussion on the expected short- and long-term results of robotic heart valve surgery.    Topics Discussed: What types of procedures can be performed robotically, and how does robotic surgery compare to traditional and other minimally invasive techniques? Who qualifies for robotic surgery, and is it safe and effective? What testing is needed beforehand, what is the typical recovery time, and how long is the hospital stay and return-to-work timeline? Do surgeons perform the procedure or does the robot operate independently? How many robotic surgeries has Mayo Clinic performed, and what are the benefits compared to open-heart surgery (sternotomy)?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Anticoagulation with AF and Cancer   Guest: Nicholas Tan, M.D., M.S. Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.   In today’s episode of ECG Making Waves, Dr. Anthony Kashou interviews Dr. Nicholas Tan on how to manage anticoagulation in patients with cancer. They discuss the importance of appreciating the challenging balance in managing stroke risk in patients with cancer and atrial fibrillation. After listening to this episode, listeners will understand alternative strategies for stroke prevention in addition to systemic anticoagulation.   Topics Discussed: What is the relationship between cancer and atrial fibrillation? Why is stroke prevention challenging in this situation? What is the role of left atrial appendage closure in cancer patients? Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Ceramide Risk Score: How to Incorporate it Into Your CV Prevention Practice   Guest: Vlad Vasile, M.D., Ph.D. Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.   Ceramides score is a blood test used to assess the risk of heart attacks and stroke. Most patients evaluated for cardiovascular risk benefit from this test, particularly patients deemed at intermediate risk by other assessments. Score is reported as numbers: the higher the score, the higher the risk. Ceramides score is reproducible and modifiable with lifestyle interventions and medications that lower cholesterol; it also helps with tracking patient progress and motivation.   Topics Discussed: What is the ceramides score? How is ceramides score different than hs CRP? Who benefits from ceramides testing?    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

CT Scan for Coronary Artery Calcification Window   Guest: Thomas C. Gerber, M.D., Ph.D. Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.   Coronary artery calcification (CAC) scanning can help improving our assessment of the risk of heart attack or stroke in thoughtfully selected patients. Not everyone needs a CAC scan! The results of a CAC scan can be particularly helpful in deciding whether a patient should start medications to reduce their risk. Coronary artery calcium scanning is *not* used to follow a patient’s risk over time (to see whether the risk is decreasing or increasing).   Topics Discussed: How is a coronary artery calcification (CAC) scan done, and what can the results tell us about a patient’s cardiovascular risk and management? Who should consider having a CAC scan? Should a patient discuss the possibility of a CAC scan with their doctor, and should they just self-refer to a screening center? What changes can we make in patient management based on CAC scan findings? How should we monitor whether the management is improving the patient’s cardiovascular risk? How often should a CAC scan be done?    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Management of Postoperative Pericarditis.   Guest: Melissa Erdman, P.A.-C. Guest: Juan Crestanello, M.D. Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.   In this podcast, Mayo Clinic experts explore the complexities of diagnosing and managing postoperative pericarditis, a condition that presents unique challenges compared to other forms of pericarditis. The discussion delves into how this complication differs in presentation and progression, outlines current treatment approaches used in clinical practice, and examines potential preventive strategies that surgeons and care teams can implement to reduce its incidence and severity.   Topics Discussed: How is postoperative pericarditis different from other causes? What are the management strategies you are using to treat these patients? Are there measures that surgeons can take to prevent or reduce incidence or severity?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

How a Years Worth of Experience of PFA for AF has Revolutionized My Practice   Guest: Christopher DeSimone, M.D., Ph.D. Guest: Abhishek Deshmukh, M.B.B.S. Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.   Patients most commonly have undergone traditional catheter ablation for AF via a thermal energy source. A newer energy modality is called Pulsed Field Ablation – using very high energy pulsation of strong voltages to destroy tissue responsible for AF. At Mayo Clinic, we have significant expertise in using this technology for our patients. This has changed our ablation practice, approach to ablation, and has made a tremendous impact on AF management.    Topics Discussed: How has the implementation of PFA for AFib changed your practice? What are some of the benefits of offering patients PFA? How has experience with this technology reflected your ablation approach? Where is the field of PFA heading to next for AFib? Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Lipoprotein (a) Elevation: What Does it do to CV Risk and What do You Need to Know About Treatment   Guest: Vlad Vasile, M.D., Ph.D. Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.   Lipoprotein (a) is a blood biomarker that poses independent risk of heart attacks and stroke when elevated. All patients should be screened for this biomarker. Currently, there are no efficient treatments for lipoprotein (a) elevations, but likely the scenery will change as we will have treatments available in the near future. For now, we recommend a healthy lifestyle, medications that lower cholesterol, aspirin and screening of all first-degree relatives of patients with elevated lipoprotein (a), including children.   Topics Discussed: What is lipoprotein (a)? How does lipoprotein (a) increase cardiovascular risk? How do we treat lipoprotein (a) elevation? Do you screen children of patients with elevated lipoprotein (a)?    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

How to Tell Patients about Adding in Intervals to Their Physical Activity Program   Guest: Kate Russell, C.E.P. Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.   Intervals are a hugely beneficial addition to any exercise program. As with any exercise topic, finding good information can be difficult and overwhelming. We will discuss how to modify intervals to fit patients of all ages, fitness levels, and limitations   Topics Discussed: How do I do intervals if I am unable to run? Should I base my intensity on heart rates? What’s more important, the length of the interval or the intensity?   Click here for the citation for the research article that Dr. Kopecky references, or see below: Stamatakis E, Ahmadi M, Biswas RK, et al. Br J Sports Med Epub ahead of print: [01.13.2025]. doi:10.1136/ bjsports-2024-108484   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Role of Thrombophilia Testing in Venous Thromboembolism   Guest: Ana Casanegra, M.D., M.S. Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.   Thrombophilia testing identifies inherited or acquired conditions that increase the risk of abnormal blood clotting. Sometimes it can help us guide management decisions for patients, but who and when to test are key questions to address before making this decision.   Topics Discussed: What is thrombophilia, what is the difference with hypercoagulable states? Who should consider getting tested for thrombophilia, what does the testing process involve, and what to consider in preparation for it? How can the results of thrombophilia testing impact a person’s medical management and lifestyle? Are there downsides of thrombophilia testing?   Easily check your diet with mini-eat.org as discussed by Dr. Lara-Breitinger and Dr. Kopecky!    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Electrophysiology Considerations in Oncology Patients   Guest: Nicholas Tan, M.D., M.S. Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.   In today’s episode of ECG Making Waves, Dr. Anthony Kashou interviews Dr. Nicholas Tan on how clinicians should consider electrophysiology in the patient with cancer. After listening to this episode, learners will understand the relationship between cancer and heart rhythm disorders, as well as begin to appreciate how cancer and arrhythmia treatments can interact.   Topics Discussed: Why are arrhythmias even relevant in cancer patients? What are some key arrhythmias associated with cancer or their therapies? What is a general approach towards managing arrhythmias in cancer patients? Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Chronic Total Occlusion in 2025   Guest: Gregory Barsness, M.D. Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.   Chronic (>3 months) complete epicardial coronary obstructive lesions, often referred to as CTOs, are recognized in a large minority of those referred for coronary angiography yet historically represent <5% of coronary intervention attempts.  Improving tools, techniques and strategies have allowed greater access to percutaneous management of symptomatic coronary disease with improved procedural safety and technical and clinical success.    Topics Discussed: What is a CTO and who do they affect? What are the management options for those with CTO? How are candidates for CTO PCI identified? What are the risks and anticipated clinical benefits of CTO PCI and can these be anticipated and results optimized? What does the future hold for those with symptomatic chronic coronary occlusions?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Supplements for Cardiovascular Prevention   Guest: Lisa M. Gilman, APRN, C.N.P. Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.   Supplement use is a growing industry in which patients seek additional potential benefit of reducing disease burden and improving overall health.  This presentation will be an overview of supplements used to address cardiovascular disease prevention   Topics Discussed: Our patients will often inquire if there are any supplements that would help their heart health. How do you approach this topic? What supplements have been suggested to help improve cardiovascular health? Patients may ask, how do we know if we are purchasing a good supplement? Are there any other considerations to be thinking of to instruct our patients about supplements?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Role of Genetics in the Heart Failure Clinic   Guest: Naveen Pereira, M.D. Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.   Genetic testing for heart failure is most beneficial for patients with cardiomyopathies. It aids in personalized treatment, early diagnosis, and family risk assessment, although its uptake has been slow due to costs, access, and interpretation challenges. Ongoing research into genetic mutations and their role in cardiomyopathy pathophysiology could lead to new therapeutic targets and improved disease management.   Topics Discussed: Which patients with heart failure should get genetic testing? Why should genetic testing be performed? How is genetic testing performed? Why has there been a slow uptake in genetic testing for patients with cardiomyopathy?  And what are some possible solutions? Can genetics provide new insight into the pathophysiology of disease, specifically cardiomyopathies? Can this information then be used to help developed new therapeutic targets? What are some of the uncertainties in the field that research should be focused on?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Assessing Recurrence Following Pulsed Field Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation   Guest: Nicholas Tan, M.D., M.S. Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.   Pulsed field ablation has been rapidly adopted across the United States since FDA approval was granted 1 year ago, due to its excellent acute efficacy, favorable safety profile, and fast workflow. However, recurrences post-ablation are comparable to that of previously established modalities, making this a significant hurdle that has yet to be overcome. Changes to mapping/ablation strategies, updates to PFA parameters, autonomic modulation, and combination modality ablations (PFA/RFA) offer some avenues for improvement   Topics Discussed:  What is pulsed field ablation (PFA) and how does it differ from previously established modalities of ablation such as radiofrequency and cryoablation? What are the recurrence rates post-PFA and how do they compare with other modalities? In patients who undergo redo ablations following an index PFA procedure, what are the most common causes (i.e. reconnection of pulmonary veins versus new sites)? How do you think PFA will evolve in the coming years   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Hybrid Procedures Collaboration with Interventional Cardiology   Guest: Jason Anderson, M.D. Guest: Elizabeth Stephens, M.D., Ph.D. Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.   Increasingly, collaboration between interventional cardiology and congenital cardiac surgeons has been used to optimize care for patients with congenital heart disease. Multi-disciplinary care is key, and “hybrid” procedures can be part of that collaboration. Effective use of catheter-procedures can help decrease the number of cardiac operations for many patients and new technologies are continually being developed in this space.   Topics Discussed: What are “hybrid procedures” in cardiac surgery? What age and diagnoses of congenital heart disease patients are candidates for hybrid procedures? I’ve heard of the heart team approach or emphasis of multi-disciplinary approach at Mayo, what does that mean and is that important for parents and patients to look for? Can you discuss how you decide whether a surgical or catheter approach is better? A recent advancement is pulmonary flow regulators – can you explain what those are and how they have been used?    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Interval Training – What Does the Science Tell Us About the Benefits Versus Continuous Activity   Guest: Amanda R. Bonikowske, Ph.D. Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.   Learners will gain insights into the health and fitness benefits of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). They will explore various approaches to HIIT and learn strategies for integrating it into a well-rounded exercise program. Additionally, the podcast will offer a concise overview of current research on the enjoyment of HIIT and how this knowledge can inform effective HIIT prescriptions.   Topics Discussed: What are the benefits of HIIT? What are the different approaches to HIIT? How can HIIT be incorporated into a comprehensive exercise program? What do we know about enjoyment of HIIT?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Secrets to Achieving CAD Regression   Guest: Stephen Kopecky, M.D. Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.   Coronary artery disease regression can occur in lipid rich plaque. Calcified and fibrotic plaque are essentially scars and cannot regress; however, they also are not associated with plaque rupture, which can lead to myocardial infarction. Studies with invasive angiography or CT angiography that have shown successful regression of CAD have addressed risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. They also address lifestyle, including healthy diet such as DASH or Mediterranean diet, regular physical activity, and stress mitigation.   Topics Discussed: Can all types of coronary plaque (calcified, fibrotic, lipid rich) regress? How can we assess coronary artery disease regression? What have studies told us the best way to achieve CAD regression?    Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

Association Between COVID-19 Vaccination and Atrial Arrhythmias in Individuals with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices   Guest: Malini Madhavan, M.B.B.S. Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.   In a study of over 7000 individuals with a cardiac implanted device in the Biotronik CERTITUDE registry, the burden of device detected AF was noted to be higher in the 3 months after covid vaccination compared to the 3 months preceding vaccination. A similar trend was observed for Influenza vaccinated individuals. However, when comparing a propensity matched group of controls without COVID vaccination, the trend towards increased burden of AF was similar in the 2 groups. This led the authors to conclude that the observed increase in AF burden represents the natural progression of AF risk rather than vaccine related changes.   Topics Discussed: The study of atrial fibrillation burden after COVID vaccination, including the conclusion. How the incidence of AF after COVID 19 vaccination compares to that after influenza vaccination. Other studies that have investigated arrhythmia occurrence after COVID vaccination. Safety for patients with cardiovascular disease to get vaccinated for COVID 19. References: https://www.heartrhythmjournal.com/article/S1547-5271(22)00914-6/fulltext https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jce.16372 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9175153/#:~:text=A%20total%20of%202611%20events,COVID%2D19%20vaccine%20doses%20administered Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Updates in Left Atrial Appendage Closure   Guest: Ammar Killu, M.B.B.S. Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.   In today’s episode of “Interviews With the Experts, listeners will learn how to select patients that may benefit from left atrial appendage occlusion.  Listeners will understand the major differences between currently available commercial devices.    Topics Discussed: What is left atrial appendage closure? Who may benefit from left atrial appendage closure and is there expansion of indications? What devices are currently approved for LAA closure? Are there any newer devices on the horizon? What are the post device anticoagulation/ antithrombotic regimens?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Lifestyle Modification in the Setting of New Prevention Therapies   Guest: R. Scott Wright, M.D. Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.   Cardiovascular prevention has largely focused on new pharmaceutical therapies over the past several decades. Often overlooked are the critical roles of diet, exercise, sleep and other individual behaviors which underpin all of preventive measures for improved health. The podcast will discuss how busy clinicians can emphasize and incorporate these measures in their daily practices and lives.    Topics Discussed: Is diet still important? What is the best heart healthy diet? What are the benefits of a healthy diet outside of lipid lowering? How do new therapies work with good vs. poor dietary adherence?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Latest Developments in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension    Guest: Robert P. Frantz, M.D. Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.   Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious disease manifested by vasoconstriction and obliteration of the pulmonary arterial vasculature resulting in rise in pulmonary artery pressure and resistance and culminating in right heart failure. Listeners will learn more about traditional treatments for PAH, as well as new anti-proliferative therapies in active clinical investigation, and what that means for the future of treatment.   Topics Discussed: What is most new and exciting in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension? What monitoring is necessary in order to safely use sotatercept? What future developments do you envision for the field of pulmonary hypertension?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Exploring New Frontiers in Rhythm Monitoring Technology   Guest: Suraj Kapa, M.D. Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.   After listening to this podcast, the learners will be able to confidently identify areas of advancement in cardiac rhythm monitoring. Additionally, listeners will learn specific areas of future research around technology to support the future of cardiac rhythm monitoring.   Topics Discussed:  What is new in technology to advance rhythm monitoring? What role is AI playing in rhythm monitoring? What are potential risks associated with these technological advances? Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Updates from the 2024 ESC and AHA Scientific Statements on Cardiac Sarcoidosis   Guest: Leslie T. Cooper Jr., M.D. Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D.   Cardiac sarcoidosis is a systemic, chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by non-caseating, epithelioid cell granulomas that may involve many tissues and organs. The Heart Rhythm Society criteria for diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis require a biopsy-proven diagnosis of extra-cardiac sarcoidosis. If extra-cardiac sarcoidosis is confirmed, CS is highly probable when there is evidence of the following: (a) rhythm abnormalities in either ECG or Holter monitoring such as advanced AVB (Mobitz type II second-degree or third-degree AVB), sustained VT, and (b) LV dysfunction on echocardiography or CMR (LVEF <40%) and/or compatible pattern on advanced imaging modalities (cardiac PET, CMR). EMB, sometimes with electrogram guidance to increase diagnostic yield, remains useful in indeterminant cases, including isolated cardiac involvement or suspected genetic etiology. Multidisciplinary teams consisting of respiratory physicians, rheumatologists, and cardiologists with expertise in sarcoidosis as well as other relevant subspecialties such as advanced cardiac imaging specialists (CMR and nuclear medicine) and electrophysiologists are needed to integrate immunosuppression with arrhythmia and heart failure management.   Topics Discussed: What percentage of patients with cardiac sarcoidosis have lung or thoracic lymph node involvement? Which of the following are associated with greater risk of heart failure or ventricular arrhythmias in definite or probable cardiac sarcoidosis: Which of the following medications may be added to guideline directed treatments for the initial management of acute and symptomatic cardiac sarcoidosis?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode.   Podcast episode transcript found here.

New RNA Therapies for Treatment of ASCVD, Prevention, and Dyslipidemia   Guest: R. Scott Wright, M.D. Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.   RNA therapies are growing in number as targeted treatments for dyslipidemia including LDL-c, Lp(a) and Triglycerides. The podcast will explore the science behind these therapies, the evidence for safety and how clinicians can utilize them in their practices.    Topics Discussed: What are the new RNA therapies available or soon to be available? How are RNA based therapies being used? How do they compare to the COVID-19 vaccine? What is their effectiveness and side effect profile? Are there side effects or concerns?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Myocarditis: What’s New in 2025   Guest: Leslie T. Cooper Jr., M.D. Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D.   After this episode of Mayo Clinic’s cardiovascular podcast series “Interviews With the Experts,” the listener will be able to identify the novel 2024 ACC Expert Care Decision Pathway (ECDP) 4-stage classifications of myocarditis. Hear today’s expert discuss pivotal tests in the diagnosis of myocarditis, such as cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) are considered. Finally, learn more about the indications for genetic testing for myocarditis in your patients.   Topics Discussed: What percentage of adult patients with myocarditis presenting as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction or ventricular arrhythmias have a pathogenic or likely pathogenic cardiomyopathic gene variant? Which of the following are criteria to consider endomyocardial biopsy in the setting of acute myocarditis? Identify Stage B myocarditis based on clinical presentation and testing.   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Post-Cardiac Ablation Atrial Arrhythmia Monitoring   Guest: Suraj Kapa, M.D. Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.   In this episode of the segment "ECG Making Waves," the listener will learn to identify the right monitoring approach for a given patient’s arrhythmia considerations around ablation. They will also learn how to list specific considerations when reviewing and interpreting post-ablation arrhythmia ECGs.   Topics Discussed: What specific aspects of the ECG and ECG monitoring are important to look for after cardiac ablation? How do you approach rhythm monitoring discussions with your patients after ablation? What are potential benefits and pitfalls of different monitoring approaches for atrial arrhythmias after ablation?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Lipid Drugs: Part 2   Guest: Alicia A. Mickow, APRN, C.N.P., M.S.N Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.   In Part 2, we will explore potential side effects and barriers to prescribing these medications, considering various patient factors. If you missed Part 1 last week, we encourage you to listen to it first, as this episode serves as a continuation and conclusion of that discussion.   Topics Discussed: Side effects of these newer non-statin drugs Barriers to prescribing those drugs   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Lipid Drugs: Part 1   Guest: Alicia A. Mickow, APRN, C.N.P., M.S.N Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.   In Part 1 of this two-part series, listeners will learn the challenges of managing patients who are statin-intolerant, the range of available treatment options, alternative dosing schedules, and strategies for introducing newer medications. Stay tuned for Part 2, where they will examine the side effects of these newer drugs and barriers to prescribing them.   Topics Discussed: What are the non-stain medications available and how are they different from statins? How do you decide which medication to use when patients are statin intolerant?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Heart Lung Transplantation   Guest: Richard C. Daly, M.D. Guest: Philip J. Spencer, M.D. Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.   Heart lung transplantation is the transplant of the combined heart-lung organ bloc from a donor into a recipient who has end-stage disease of both the heart and the lungs.  This is often necessary because the disease in 1 of the organs (the heart or the lungs) caused the disease in the other organ system.  For example, pulmonary hypertension might cause gradual but irreversible right ventricular failure in the heart.  The prognosis after heart-lung transplantation is similar to patients who receive isolated lung transplantation.   Topics Discussed: Heart-lung transplantation and why it is unique.? Types of diseases that would require heart-lung transplantation. Prognosis after heart-lung transplantation compared to heart transplant and lung transplant survival. Immunologic advantages to block heart-lung transplantation.   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Mayo Clinic's Experience with Cardioneural Ablation   Guest: Guru Kowlgi, M.B.B.S. Host: Anthony H. Kashou, MD   After listening to this podcast, the learners will develop a fundamental understanding of cardioneural ablation, as well as which patients should be referred for the procedure. Additionally, they will get a sense of the outcomes of the cardioneural ablation program at Mayo Clinic.   Topics Discussed:  Give us a quick refresher of what cardioneural ablation is, and which patient is appropriate to be referred for cardioneural ablation? What is the history of cardioneural ablation? When did you start the cardioneural ablation program at Mayo Clinic? How many cases have you done? What are the outcomes in terms of syncope-free survival and are there any complications? What differentiates Mayo Clinic from other centers performing this procedure? Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Aortic Valve Prosthesis Selection   Guest: Kimberly Holst, M.D. Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.   In this podcast we will learn to identify patient specific factors to be considered during evaluation for aortic valve replacement including patient specific anatomy, comorbidities, and lifelong management of aortic valve disease. Learners will learn to identify advantages to mechanical and biologic prostheses for management of aortic valve disease and identify areas of developing technology and treatment options for aortic valve disease.   Topics Discussed: What are the main factors to consider when evaluating a patient for aortic valve replacement?  What patient specific factors that may make a patient less suitable for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)? What are the advantages of each mechanical and biologic prostheses in treatment of aortic valve disease? What new technologies are available for management of aortic valve disease?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Current Nutritional Controversies- What is the Science Behind the Current Trends in Mainstream Media?   Guest: Professor Christopher Gardner, Ph.D. Host: Kyla Lara-Breitinger, M.D.   From the perspective of both mainstream and social media, it can often seem that there is more controversy than consensus about nutrition topics such as seed oils and ultra processed foods. To the contrary, Christopher Gardner, a nutrition scientist and professor of medicine at Stanford University finds just the opposite, that there is more consensus. However, recognizing the consensus requires providing important context for nutrition issues – in particular, with what, and instead of what. Once that context is provided, many of the topics with seemingly intractable disagreements like seed oils and ultra processed foods can be addressed from a more pragmatic perspective that can help us all to follow a more cardioprotective dietary pattern that leads to longevity and an increased health span. Join us as Professor Gardner addresses these topics with a uniquely engaging blend of humor and evidence-based science on this week’s podcast.   Topics Discussed: Discuss beef tallow vs. seed oil controversy. How did ultraprocessed foods become a dominant food source and how to win the battle against it? Keeping it simple and pragmatic for daily life- how do we follow a cardioprotective pattern that leads to longevity and increased health span?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!   No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Can CT Angiography Be Used to Track CAD Regression?   Guest: Eric Williamson, M.D. Host: Stephen Kopecky, M.D.   Listeners to this podcast will learn about the role of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) in preventative cardiology. CCTA enables early detection and characterization of coronary plaque before significant cardiovascular events occur. It non-invasively visualizes both calcified and non-calcified plaques, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of coronary artery health. These early insights can inform lifestyle modifications and targeted therapies, ultimately reducing the risk of heart disease.   Topics Discussed: What is the role of coronary CTA in the assessment of coronary atherosclerotic plaque? What recent technological advancements have occurred to improve the characterization of coronary plaque? How is AI playing a role in plaque assessment using CT? What future developments will advance our use of CT for plaque assessment in the near future?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Myth-Busting: Common Misconceptions About Dairy and Heart Health, Personalized Nutrition and Dairy, & Practical Tips for Heart-Healthy Dairy Consumption   Guest: Tara Schmidt, RDN, LD Guest: Jen Welper, Executive Chef Host: Kyla Lara-Breitinger, M.D.   From encouraging full-fat dairy to avoiding dairy at all costs, the internet has a wide range of opinions and advice, expert and otherwise. Do the nutritional benefits outweigh the risks? Are there populations of people who should avoid it? Mayo Clinic experts dig into the research around dairy, associated health outcomes, and ways to healthfully incorporate it into one’s daily intake.    Topics Discussed: How do you educate patients about LDL, cholesterol, and its relationship with dairy? What are some of the nutritional benefits of dairy? Should we be recommending that people replace cow milk with a plant-based alternative? There’s a lot of talk of dairy causing inflammation. Is this true? Best ways to incorporate dairy, consider alternatives to prevent over-consumption, and also sneak it in recipes.   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

The Role of Saturated Fats in Dairy & Dairy Alternatives and Their Impact    Guest: Richard S. Bruno, Ph.D., RD. Host: Kyla Lara-Breitinger, M.D.   The role of dairy foods—particularly full-fat varieties—in a healthy dietary pattern has been a subject of controversy for decades. Health recommendations have traditionally emphasized non-fat and low-fat dairy options to minimize energy (calorie) and saturated fat intake.   Topics Discussed: The challenges inherent in conducting food-based research. The controversial history of research on dairy foods. Emerging paradigm shifts in scientific evidence supporting the health benefits of dairy foods, including full-fat varieties. Practical considerations for incorporating this nutrient-rich, low-cost food matrix into a healthy dietary pattern to promote cardiometabolic health.     Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Antiplatelets After Stenting   Guest: Malcolm Bell, M.D. Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.   In this podcast, we discuss the rationale for shortening the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting and continuing P2Y12 inhibitor in preference to continuing aspirin as monotherapy.  With this approach, the risk of significant bleeding is reduced significantly and with no corresponding increase in ischemic or thrombotic events.  This strategy is particularly attractive for patients who are considered to be at high-risk of bleeding or who suffer an actionable bleed. A P2Y12 inhibitor appears to more efficacious for long term secondary prevention than aspirin.   Topics Discussed: Changes in the use of dual antiplatelet therapy for patients undergoing coronary stenting.  Short DAPT and dropping the aspirin. Patient population ideal for monotherapy with a P2Y12 inhibitor. What do you do after 6 or 12 months of monotherapy – continue, or switch back to aspirin? Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Introduction to Dairy and Cardiovascular Health & The Science Behind Dairy and Heart Health   Guest: Maya Vadiveloo, Ph.D., RD. Host: Kyla Lara-Breitinger, M.D.   After this podcast, listeners will understand the rationale behind low-fat dairy guidance. They will also learn about the benefits of dairy products, how to incorporate dairy if lactose intolerant, and what to look for in dairy-based alternatives. Finally, listeners will learn practical suggestions for incorporating dairy products into their diets.   Topics Discussed: What’s the reason/reasons behind low-fat/fat-free dairy advice? How can people who are lactose intolerant incorporate more dairy? Are dairy-based alternatives the same? How much dairy should people consume? What ways can it be incorporated healthfully?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Modeling Disease Pathways Through Ventricular Depolarization   Guest: Peter van Dam, PhD  Host: Anthony H. Kashou, MD   Detection of disease progression is hampered due to the large variation in normal QRS morphologies, even for the ECG expert. Cardiac modeling techniques can improve the interpretation and diagnostic value of the ECG by visualizing relevant QRS deviations. Comparing the QRS waveforms and electrical pathway in genetical patients to normal controls shows that even small changes in the QRS can be detected in patients with a genetical disease, like Brugada or ACM.    Topics Discussed: What is the PathECG?  How do you compare PathECG to normal ECG waveform?  What can the PathECG add to the ECG? Could PathECG improve the quality of the ECG diagnosis? Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Role of Denervation for Hypertension Management   Guest: Sanjay Misra, M.D. Host: Paul Friedman, M.D.   In this podcast, the listener will learn more what renal denervation is, the mechanism by which it works, how the procedure is performed, and expected outcomes for patients.   Topics Discussed: Ideal candidate and work up of the patient for renal denervation. Describe the procedure, as well as the risks and benefits. Follow up for patients after the procedure. Anticipated outcomes.   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Chronic Thrombo-Embolic Pulmonary Hypertension   Guest: Robert P. Frantz, M.D. Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.   In this episode, the experts discuss chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension results from unresolved emboli in the lungs, causing increased resistance, right heart strain, and shortness of breath. Listeners will learn more about three different treatments available, including surgery, balloons, and medication.   Topics Discussed: What is chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension? What are the surgical treatments of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension? Are there other treatments available?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Arrhythmias in Pregnancy   Guest: Katie A. Young, M.D. Guest: Abhishek J. Deshmukh, M.B.B.S. Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D.   This episode dives into the complex and fascinating world of arrhythmia management during pregnancy, exploring how unique physiological changes can increase arrhythmia risk and impact treatment approaches. We’ll discuss common and high-risk arrhythmias, management strategies and the importance of a collaborative care approach involving specialists across disciplines.   Topics Discussed: Identify the primary risk factors and physiological changes that contribute to arrhythmias in pregnant patients. Describe evidence-based management strategies for common and high-risk arrhythmias during pregnancy, including considerations for medication and procedural interventions. Recognize the role of interdisciplinary care in managing arrhythmias in pregnancy to ensure optimal maternal and fetal outcomes.   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

AI ECG Updates   Guest: Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, M.D., M.S.  Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.    There have been many recent developments regarding AI-ECG, with some algorithms able to identify common and very relevant medical conditions like CAD and diastolic disfunction. There are major limitations implementing AI-ECG, including regulatory, technical and clinician-related. Algorithms meant to detect rare diseases, when used indiscriminately, may lead to many false positive results. The future of AI-ECG is optimizing its implementation through seamless integration in workflows, use of point of care or wearables getting ECG signals, and using multimodality AI, where AI-ECG would be just one of several signals used to detect cardiac and non-cardiac conditions, aging, and to predict cardiovascular events.    Topics Discussed: What is new on AI ECG these days? What new algorithms have been developed that you see may change clinical practice in the future? (although structured as 2 questions, its actually one) What are the major limitations using AI-ECG in clinical practice? What do you think is the future of AI-ECG? Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.

Optimal Medical Therapy in Peripheral Artery Disease   Guest: Stan Henkin, M.D. Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.   Atherosclerosis of peripheral (ie, non-coronary) arteries, also known as peripheral artery disease (PAD), affects more than 8 million Americans. Unfortunately, compared to coronary artery disease (CAD), PAD is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. In this podcast, experts discuss optimal medical therapy in patients with PAD.   Topics Discussed: What is peripheral artery disease? What are the most common symptoms of PAD? You diagnose PAD. What pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies do you consider? How do you follow-up a patient with PAD? When should a patient be referred to a vascular specialist?   Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices. LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today! No CME credit offered for this episode. Podcast episode transcript found here.