Health Report

An international study of the genes of 2.5 million people confirms fibromyalgia as a nervous system disorder. A rheumatologist explains the relationship to other disorders including CFS/ME and long COVID. Women of reproductive age are getting iron infusions at an increasingly high rate. What’s causing the numbers to rise so sharply and who is missing out? Cuts to USAID are having big impacts on spread of HIV in Africa, according to a leading South African expert. What can we learn from their experience about how to manage the growing spread of the disease in Fiji and elsewhere in our region? References Nature Medicine: The genetic architecture of fibromyalgia across 2.5 million individuals Increasing utilisation of intravenous iron among Australian women of reproductive age, 2013–2024: an Australian population-based study Pacific Beat: Australia boosts Fiji's HIV crisis response with new $8 million funding Maternal RSVpreF Vaccine Effectiveness Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Hospitalized Infants New England Journal of Medicine: Atorvastatin, Cardiovascular Events, and Disability-free Survival in Older Adults The BMJ: Measles: CDC refuses to record Pennsylvania fatalities in “measles associated deaths” row

It's become harder for medical students to qualify as a fully accredited specialist. This delay is having a profound impact on the wellbeing of doctors and on access to specialists across Australia.  A new study shows people experiencing 'gout flares' more frequently have a higher likelihood of developing heart disease. In the news: Twenty years ago, the first dose of the HPV vaccine developed to prevent cervical cancer was administered. What's the impact of the research that led to this, from University of Queensland's Emeritus Professor Ian Frazer AC and his colleague Dr Jian Zhou? A Select Committee on Women's Health will look for the first time at post-partum care and pregnancy, amongst other issues that will support women. Submissions close on October 9. Genetic markers for stress have been investigated in donated brain tissue of people with schizophrenia, showing stress genes had been turned on. Two more people have died of measles in the United States  References Royal Australasian College of Surgeons 2026-2030 Surgical Pathways Strategy Department of Health: Whole of Medical Workforce Supply and Demand Study Annual gout flare frequency as a marker of sustained cardiovascular risk: a clinical threshold for risk stratification 20 years. Millions of lives saved. One revolutionary vaccine Select Committee on Women's Health Association Between Age-Dependent DNA Methylation Changes at FKBP5 Enhancer Sites and Increased Cortical Gene Expression in Schizophrenia Pennsylvania Department of Health Confirms Two Measles-Associated Deaths

New clinical guidelines for early detection of prostate cancer make big changes to screening, with an end to the digital examination and more frequent PSA tests in older age groups. A new global study suggests people over sixty may face serious health risks from heat at much lower temperatures than previously understood. Overuse of active skincare is one of the causes of peri-orificial dermatitis. We ask a dermatologist about the best way to treat it. References Guidelines for the early detection of prostate cancer Lancet Planet Health: Exceeding human heat tolerance in a warming, ageing world: a global projection modelling study ABC Health: People over 60 face heat exposure danger at lower temperatures, study suggests National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2025: Tobacco, e-cigarettes and other nicotine insights WHO Ebola disease caused by Bundibugyo virus - Democratic Republic of the Congo TGA flexes its muscle against illegal peptides and steroids Melanotan II tanning peptide products found to be inconsistently dosed

A study shows waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC) should be included with BMI when assessing patients with abdominal fat for risk of cardiovascular disease. A new rapid 'lateral flow' test is being trialled in the hope it will provide faster and more accurate results to help detect and treat iron deficiencies. We follow up on our earlier story about the lack of access to medical abortion services for women in rural and remote areas. Guest/s Dr Michael Blaha, Professor of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Cardiovascular Disease Emily Eriksson, Senior Research Officer in immunology and infectious diseases, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Dr Rod Martin, President, Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine References JACC: Risk Reclassification Beyond BMI by Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Hip Ratio Across 9 Cardiovascular Outcomes: Results From the Cross-Cohort Collaboration BMJ: Longitudinal trends and characteristics of medication abortion provision in Australian general practice: a national open-cohort study using Medicine Insight, 2014 to 2021 Nature: First poo transplant to treat food allergy in people has ‘exciting’ results Eli Lilly CEO still wants deal to bring Mounjaro to Australia under PBS Trump signs order to reduce childhood vaccines and break up MMR shots

‘Kate’ has a history of anorexia nervosa and was once hospitalised for the condition. Yet she was able to access GLP1s to control her weight via a telehealth provider, without being screened for an eating disorder.  Surveys of acute pancreatitis are currently underway around Australia, in response to an increase in cases globally. A study from South Australia shows some surprising results with an increased incidence in young people, women and those from a higher socio-economic background. If you or anyone you know needs help with an eating disorder:  Butterfly Foundation on 1800 334 673 National Eating Disorder Collaboration Lifeline on 131 114   References AHPRA statement on telehealth providers not screening for eating disorders JAMA Psychiatry: Use and Misuse of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Among People With Eating Disorders Epidemiological time trends in acute pancreatitis – A 16-year experience from South Australia Rise in drug-related deaths and hospitalisations driven by stimulants, annual NDARC reports find Global Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol—Leveraging Estimation for Action | Cardiology | JAMA | JAMA Network Laureates of the 2026 L'Oreal UNESCO for Women in Science International Awards Vitamin B6: too much, too little, too late? An analysis of sales trends in Australia from 2023 to 2025

Clinicians, researchers, government and industry partners have come together in a new arrangement to trial a blood test that uses biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease, in the hope it will aid diagnosis. A new vaccine developed to treat the latest outbreak of ebolavirus is already being tested on humans. But the organisation behind it has also invested in three other vaccines, in case the trials aren't successful.  Less than one third of general practices provide medical abortion in Australia, with access and support influenced by geographic location and socio-economic status. References Test that could identify signs of Alzheimer's disease 20 years earlier greenlit for trials Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation Longitudinal trends and characteristics of medication abortion provision in Australian general practice: a national open-cohort study using Medicine Insight, 2014 to 2021 Saliva test for endometriosis lacks real-world evidence, Australian experts say Vitamin K Prophylaxis in Newborns and Bleeding in Infancy Blood tests and ultrasounds: Korea is becoming one of the world's global healthcare hubs

A new study looks at the health benefits of holding off on a child's smartphone by one year. Is there a "best" age to let them have their own device? Despite the lack of subsidies for CGM devices that monitor glucose levels for those with type 2 diabetes,  research shows continuous glucose monitoring can be beneficial for those living with the condition. There is now clear evidence that having high blood pressure as a child can influence health outcomes later in life. New clinical guidelines recommend measuring blood pressure twice during childhood and adolescence, beginning at age 7. References Smartphone Acquisition and Use at Age 13 Years and Health Outcomes at Age 14 Years Continuous glucose monitoring versus self-monitoring of blood glucose in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, multicentre, open-label, superiority trial Diabetes Australia statement Australian Guideline for the Identification and Management of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents Update on access to goserelin 3.6 mg implant Cost of accessing mental health services for young people New England Journal of Medicine: Meningococcal B Vaccine to Prevent Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection More than 11,500 cyclosporiasis cases reported in 41 states: CDC

There's a race going on in Silicon Valley to find ways to slow down ageing and monetise longevity. Some of the tools used to measure this are biological age tests that give various health readings. Can you biohack your way to reverse ageing?  Parents and caregivers of adolescents can worry about the side effects of taking oral medications for acne. A new study into the use of isotretinoin found no association with reduced adult height.  A newly updated human-infective RNA virus dataset may be used to find patterns that help predict what a future virus, or ‘disease x’ might look like.  References Four Corners: The Race to Reverse Aging Isotretinoin Treatment in Adolescence and Adult Height A complete catalogue of human-infective RNA viruses UK begins trials of Ebola vaccine developed in just eight weeks Future pharmacy: A better deal for patients and taxpayers Pete Hegseth announces plan to test US troops for low testosterone

A review of the evidence for community pharmacist prescribing has reopened the debate about who should be able to prescribe, and a legislative change means some registered nurses with special training will soon be authorised to prescribe a number of medicines on the PBS too. Australia's Health 2026 report shows that dementia has overtaken coronary heart disease as the leading cause of death in Australia,  and rising obesity rates are a contributor. A new study assessed three parameters in the diets of Swedish participants who were at risk of dementia. Can the quality of your diet really make a difference? A follow up of patients admitted to intensive care units around Australia with sepsis and septic shock, looked at the longer term effects of this life threatening condition. References Community pharmacist prescribing outcomes in Australia and beyond Pharmacist prescribing: without evidence, it's the patient who pays RACGP-commissioned review confirms pharmacist prescribing improves access to care New law gives registered nurses PBS prescribing rights for the first time Sexual orientation and gender identity based disparities in colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer screening in the United States US study on cancer screening access and what it means for Australia USyd CEC response Australian cancer trials are getting worse at reporting sex differences - putting patients at risk Australia's health 2026 (AIHW) Diet Quality and Dementia Risk in Older Adults With Alzheimer Pathology Long-term survival in patients discharged alive from hospital following an intensive care unit admission with sepsis or septic shock in Australia and New Zealand: an observational cohort study

While looking for ways to treat pain in those with musculoskeletal disorders, researchers examined studies in which sleep supplement melatonin had been used.  A study into the behaviour of immune cells in coeliac disease patients showed surprising results. Instead of being overactive, T cells in coeliac disease were subdued, and didn't survive as long as T cells from healthy people.  Spinal stimulators have been in use for many years, but the evidence for their benefit, or otherwise has been unclear until now. References Efficacy and effectiveness of melatonin for the management of musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo and active controlled trials Functional immune profiling reveals CD4+ T cell dysregulation in coeliac disease (Immunology and Cell Biology, 2026) Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation plus locomotor training versus sham-stimulation plus locomotor training in chronic spinal cord injury (eWALK): a multicentre, triple-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial The little-known cause of heart attack in young women Worsening Asthma Outcomes in Australian Adults: A Comparison of Stratified Sample Surveys in 2012 and 2021 Most Australians unaware of 'black triangle' medicine side effects reporting scheme: study New pneumococcal vaccine for adults on the NIP Statement from Invidior on removal of Sublocade from Australian market

A movement disorder specialist says the APVMA decision on the use of herbicide paraquat ignores evidence of the link with cases of Parkinson's disease. Analysis of patient data shows less than twenty percent of people attend a cardiac rehabilitation program after their hospital stay, despite the fact that it can make a huge difference to health outcomes.  There's been a substantial increase in vaccine concerns from parents, with changes to messaging on vaccines in the USA filtering through to Australia. A childhood immunisation expert outlines an approach to help turn this around. And a study shows most IVF add-on treatments do not result in more pregnancies. References: Statement from the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority Chemical regulator approves restricted use of herbicide paraquat previously linked to Parkinson's disease Mapping patient outcomes associated with cardiac rehabilitation Childhood vaccine hesitancy, The New England Journal of Medicine Safety and effectiveness of ten common in-vitro fertilisation add-ons No evidence most IVF add-on treatments improve fertility Concerns regarding the public health risks associated with unapproved peptide products WA Health provides public health update following avian influenza detection in wild bird

The first cases of H5N1 bird flu have been confirmed following the discovery and rescue of a sick bird on a remote beach in Western Australia. Since then more sick birds have been reported, with authorities stressing the safest approach is to take a photo and notify them. While the risk of bird to human transmission is low, there have been almost one thousand cases of H5N1 bird flu in humans since 2003. So what happens now? Further information: Bird flu (avian influenza) CDC Human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza An overview of influenza H5 vaccines Science Show: Preparing for the next pandemic Vet chanced upon sick bird that turned out to be first H5 bird flu case

A new review brings together data from studies worldwide and shows that the impact of alcohol has been underestimated, but that changing drinking habits can reverse and slow down damage. Should gyms turn the volume down on the loud music they play while patrons are working out? The donated brains of Parkinson's patients are analysed, showing that the original clinical diagnoses are incorrect in up to twenty percent of cases. And a study shows survivors of Ebola can experience longer term neurological symptoms, including memory loss. References: Neurological Manifestations in Adult Survivors of Ebola Virus Disease Internet Searches for Leucovorin, Folate, and Acetaminophen After a White House Autism Announcement Assignment of benefit changes delayed Ongoing access to Zoladex monthly implant in Australia - AstraZeneca A review of the relationship between dimensions of alcohol consumption and the burden of disease Pathology and Genetics in a Global Cohort of Parkinsonian Disorders Lower Music Volume Levels in Fitness Class and Perceived Exercise Intensity

Genomic testing is cheaper than ever and can pick up a risk of disease in people with no family history. Should we expand it nation-wide? IUDs are a highly effective form of contraception, but some women are concerned about pain. A new study looks at how commonly women experience pain on insertion and why. Researchers have criticised the current state of peer review for scientific grants in Australia, arguing the process lacks transparency and opportunities for appeal. And the TGA is cracking down on unregulated peptides, saying they're a safety risk for consumers. Statement from the Department of Health, Disability and Ageing in response to the Health Report. For more on peptides, listen to our recent story Who's using peptides, and do we know what's in them? References Diabetes society apologizes after removal of Trump protesters from conference sparks outrage Diabetes Association in uproar after members expelled from annual meeting over protest of NIH cuts Egg Allergy Prevalence Before and After Guidelines for Earlier Egg Introduction TGA strengthens compliance focus on unapproved peptide products as part of evolving risk response TGA cracks down on unregulated peptides, says increased imports are posing a risk to consumer safety Feasibility and outcomes of the DNA Screen nationwide adult genomic screening pilot Factors Associated With Pain Related to Insertion of a Contraceptive Intrauterine Device: Findings of a National Survey Australia’s erosion of peer review - Science

Australia's specialist medical college for obstetrics and gynaecology is raising the alarm over proposed changes to abortion access in three Australian states. How physical activity influences your 'biological clock' - and whether it can help you feel younger than you actually are. Changes to how bulk billing is administered and what that could mean for community-run Aboriginal health services in remote parts of Australia. And the withdrawal of a drug for breast cancer and endometriosis from Australia - why has it happened and what does it mean for patients? References: Ebola Outbreak: Current Situation (US CDC). AI Chatbot Use and Disclosure for Mental Health Among US Adolescents and Young Adults AstraZeneca pulls critical breast cancer and endometriosis drug Zoladex from shelves Abortion Access Under Attack Again in Two Australian States - RANZCOG Physical activity and biological age measured by DNA methylation clocks: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This week, an update on the diphtheria outbreak across multiple Australian states. What's changed to allow the spread to occur? How to build healthier housing for remote communities - and it starts with maintenance. A new trial shows some everyday steps people can take to protect themselves against depression. And reviewing the evidence on calcium and vitamin D when it comes to fractures and falls. References: Ebola outbreak outpacing health response, WHO chief says Ebola-hit DR Congo faces 'catastrophic collision' of disease and conflict, WHO warns Ebola disease caused by Bundibugyo virus, Democratic Republic of the Congo & Uganda Ebola Outbreak: Current Situation (CDC) Calcium, vitamin D, or combined supplementation to prevent fractures and falls: systematic review and meta-analysis Diphtheria in Australia – Epidemiological update – 18 May 2026 Impact of Restriction-Resumption Protocols on Mood and Anxiety in Healthy Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial

The popularity of peptides appears to be growing in Australia - what do we know about who is using them, what's in them and the risks? A large study of Australians with Parkinson's disease finds links to certain pesticides and high-risk occupations. For people with heart failure, there's a procedure that you can avoid with no ill-effect. And an outbreak of diptheria across multiple states in Australia - how did this happen? References Obesity and cardiovascular disease: A clinical consensus statement from the National Heart Foundation of Australia Impact and Effectiveness of Australia's 2025 Hybrid RSV Immunisation Program: Results from the PAEDS-FluCAN Network Diphtheria outbreak could be 'contained within months' but response criticised as too slow Responding to injectable synthetic peptide use among young people: priorities for clinicians and public health Insights from a cross-sectional population-based study of 10,929 Australians living with Parkinson's disease: risk factors, comorbidities, and sex differences Cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without atrioventricular node ablation in atrial fibrillation: the CAAN-AF trial

The World Health Organization has declared a public health emergency of international concern over an outbreak of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda. How does the disease spread, how can it be treated and how concerned should we be? Further Information: Why is there no vaccine for this Ebola outbreak? Ebola vaccine could take nine months as death toll rises further, WHO warns. Ebola disease in DRC and Uganda. Epidemic of Ebola Disease caused by Bundibugyo virus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda determined a public health emergency of international concern. Absence of USAID likely slowed Ebola detection and response, former officials say

ACL injuries are very common in Australia - and the common thinking has been that if you tear your ACL, you'll need surgery. Researchers are arguing the best evidence says we should be looking to rehab first, and that for many people they will recover without surgery. Microplastics in our food supply - from processing and production - mean all of us are ingesting some level of plastic into our bodies. A new study out of Western Australia shows that it is possible to reduce your exposure, but it takes a lot of work. There's a growing evidence base for the use of digital interventions for people with some categories of eating disorder. And they might have spillover benefits for mental health conditions like anxiety and depression, which can co-occur with an eating disorder. But how do you find one that you can trust? Plus, the renaming of polycystic ovary syndrome and the implications for people with the condition. References: Low-plastic diet and urinary levels of plastic-associated phthalates and bisphenols: the randomized controlled PERTH Trial Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture Acute, Longer-Term, and Transdiagnostic Outcomes After Digital Interventions for Eating Disorders Aluminium adjuvants in vaccines and potential health effects: systematic review Polycystic ovary syndrome renamed polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome Thriving Kids - Services Australia

Urgent care clinics are getting $1.8 billion in this year's federal budget to make them a permanent part of Australia's health system. We speak to the Health Minister Mark Butler about the decision. 'Fitspo' content that sometimes glamourises a ripped bod or restrictive ways of eating could be flooding your social feed - what do we know about its effect on our mental health? And 'phage therapy' - a novel form of treatment aimed at providing an alternative to antibiotics. What are bacteriophages, how does this therapy work and how far off is it from showtime? Plus, success for Australia in eliminating trachoma - an infectious eye disease - as a public health issue.  References: Australia becomes the 30th country to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem Mpox disease epidemiology, vaccine uptake and vaccination coverage in Australia 2022–2024: a descriptive study Hantavirus-hit cruise ship leaves Cape Verde after three evacuated Major budget boost means Medicare Urgent Care Clinics are here to stay Lifting the Screen on Fitspiration: A Meta-Analysis Cross-reactive anti-prophage antibodies and bacterial heteroresistance implicated in phage therapeutic failure

A new review suggests there may be biomarkers linked to irritable bowel syndrome, typically a diagnosis of exclusion. How you get followed up after going to the doctor with symptoms of bowel cancer is shaped in part by where you live. People can now access their diagnostic and pathology results digitally, and for one woman in Brisbane that meant spotting a breast cancer finding that might otherwise have been missed.  References: Serological and faecal markers of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis Variations in the investigation of colorectal cancer-related symptoms in Australian primary care: a retrospective cohort study Outbreak of diptheria in the Kimberley. Nine-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Related Cancers in Males An estimated 450,000 diabetics will miss out on subsidised Mounjaro after negotiations stalled

Two thirds of women report concerns over memory loss, concentration or other cognitive symptoms during menopause. What do we understand about what's going on, and how can it be managed? A new plan for improving asthma outcomes in Australia and ending that reliance on the blue puffer. Understanding how the genes we're born with could shape our risk of some cancers in childhood - with implications for adults too. And the links between home cooking and dementia - with studies suggesting slicing and dicing at home (instead of eating out more often) could have a protective effect for your cognition. References RSV Vaccine - Department of Health Home cooking, cooking skills and dementia requiring long-term care: a population-based cohort study in Japan Typology of out-of-home eaters: a description of sociodemographic, lifestyle, nutritional and environmental characteristics in the NutriNet-Santé cohort Gender and age differences in weekend eating habits: associations with fat mass percentage in a cross-sectional study Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of substance use disorders among US veterans with type 2 diabetes: cohort study Heart-nosed bat alphacoronaviruses use human CEACAM6 to enter cells Advances in understanding of cognitive symptoms during menopause A Bold Blueprint for Asthma Reform in Australia Integrated germline and somatic molecular profiling to detect cancer predisposition has a high clinical impact in poor-prognosis paediatric cancer

Can you trust the advice ChatGPT Health gives about whether you should go to the hospital or not? Who is using GLP-1 weight loss drugs and how common are they? New guidelines for supporting young people with suicidal ideation or who self-harm. And more findings that drugs removing amyloid from the brain don't help prevent dementia. References: Intensive LDL Cholesterol Targeting in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Municipal water fluoridation, adolescent IQ, and cognition across the life course Andrographis paniculata (Andrographis) and anaphylaxis - updated safety review and supplementary report Amyloid‐beta‐targeting monoclonal antibodies for people with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease ChatGPT Health performance in a structured test of triage recommendations Initiators of Semaglutide in General Practice in New South Wales, 2020–2023: A Retrospective Cohort Study Suicide and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Children and Adolescents Suicide and intentional self-harm hospitalisations among young people Generational effects in self-reported age of onset for youth suicidal ideation, self-harm and attempted suicide: A retrospective analysis using data from the Australian National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing, 2020–2022

When a medical emergency happens in space, how is it treated? And what does life in Antarctica have to teach us about staying healthy on a spaceflight? Findings from a large study of Australian teenagers find links between school connection, sleep and mental health trajectories through adolescence. If you have a shoulder injury and suspect it's the rotator cuff, should you have a scan? You might find more than you bargained for. And how badly should you want to hang on to your appendix in the case of appendicitis? Is it better to jettison it or keep it in there? References: Association between GLP-1 receptor agonist use and worsening mental illness in people with depression and anxiety in Sweden: a national cohort study Retraction: Cosmetic talc powder Oncologic Risk of Missed Appendiceal Tumors in Acute Appendicitis Future Proofing Study - Research Insights 2026 Incidental Rotator Cuff Abnormalities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Which flu strains are likely to be dominant this flu season - and what's the story with the new nasal spray vaccine? Speaking of sprays ... there's a simple saline spray that might help kids with sleep apnoea avoid surgery. And a treatment for enlarged prostate that doesn't involve going under the knife. Plus, a new review finds vaping is likely to cause certain types of cancer. References: The carcinogenicity of e-cigarettes: a qualitative risk assessment Cost-Effectiveness of Oral Immunotherapy Treatments vs No Treatment for Peanut Allergy in Children Annual Immunisation Coverage Report 2025 Vaping likely to cause cancer, new Australian review of evidence finds (ABC News) Influenza (flu) vaccine - Department of Health Influenza immunisation resources - National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance Historic 1994 influenza vaccine cohorts define breadth of antibody and B cell responses toward future influenza A and B viruses Lab Notes: Super-K flu is here … but it's not our biggest problem Intranasal Treatments for Children With Sleep-Disordered Breathing: The MIST+ Randomized Clinical Trial Prostate artery Embolisation Assessment of Safety and feasibilitY (P-EASY): a potential alternative to long-term medical therapy for benign prostate hyperplasia The ‘Prostate Embolisation AS first-line therapY compAred to meDication in treatment naïVe men with prostAte eNlargement, a randomised ControllEd trial’ (P-EASY ADVANCE): a randomised controlled trial of prostate embolisation vs medication for BPH Prostate artery EmbolisAtion Safety and efficacY: Preliminary and foLlow-Up urodynamic Studies (P-EASY PLUS)

3D printing is becoming an incredibly versatile modern tool - with scope to apply it to engineering, manufacturing, architecture and design challenges. And it's increasingly being used in ... healthcare. Plus, Kylie and Gillian had been friends for years when Kylie had a stroke in her early 30s. It turned Kylie's work-driven life upside down, and forced her and husband Chris to re-evaluate everything. This week's Health Report features stories from our archive. We'll be back with a new program next week.

There's been major buzz in recent years over ultra-processed foods and whether they may be harmful to our health. A new study out of Canada has measured what toddlers eat and how much of it is ultra-processed - and then followed up two years later to examine the behavioural outcomes of those same children. New findings on 'silent' women's health issues and where women would like the focus of healthcare research and spending to be - what the authors are saying is a call to go 'beyond the bikini line.' It takes days for the results of an STI test to come back, and that can cause all sorts of problems. A new 'point-of-care' test aims to shave that testing window down to less than an hour, with implications for sexual health treatment in regional and remote areas. Plus, sex differences after a diagnosis of cancer - men and women appear to follow separate trajectories, especially when it comes to their risk of death and adverse outcomes. References: Psilocybin or Nicotine Patch for Smoking Cessation Sex-based prognosis in industry-sponsored advanced solid tumour trials: an individual participant data meta-analysis of survival and adverse events Thanks to AI, Paul can see the culprit of his dog's cancer Meet the man who designed a cancer vaccine for his dog Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Behavioral Outcomes in Canadian Children Multilevel predictors of ultra-processed food intake in Canadian preschoolers ‘Women deserve better’: a national mixed-methods exploration of the ‘silent’ health conditions and social issues affecting women and girls in Australia CRISPR-Cas-based diagnostics for point-of-care detection of sexually transmitted infections: a laboratory development and evaluation study

MDMA psychotherapy was approved in Australia three years ago. Who's using it and what do we know about treatment side effects? Vaccine reminders can help nudge people back on track, but how the message is framed matters. A new review of screen use and sleep in young people finds no link between the amount of use and sleep quality or duration. And a different way of looking at mental health outcomes - whether digital tools can help us forecast someone's future needs and provide better, more personalised care. References: Within-Person Association Between Daily Screen Use and Sleep in Youth Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) or Opioid Analgesia Added to Ibuprofen for Children’s Musculoskeletal Injury Effects of daily multivitamin–multimineral and cocoa extract supplementation on epigenetic aging clocks in the COSMOS randomized clinical trial Side-effects of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis Experiences of Australian clinicians, researchers, and patients with MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: A framework-guided qualitative analysis The AuTOMATIC trial: a multicentre digitally-automated, Bayesian, adaptive, parallel, factorial randomised controlled trial of SMS reminders for childhood vaccination The necessity of digital measurement-based care for navigating complexity in youth mental health Dynamic learning of individual-level suicidal ideation trajectories to enhance mental health care

Are Australian schoolkids eating too much salt? And does it put them at risk of high blood pressure? A new approach to breast cancer screening based on risk could reduce the number of screens needed for some women. There's been a lot of hype around brain training to protect against cognitive decline, but the results haven't always measured up. Now a new long-term study has promising results.  Plus, navigating the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis -- when can the condition be medically managed and when should you consider surgery? References: Impact of cognitive training on claims-based diagnosed dementia over 20 years: evidence from the ACTIVE study Efficacy and safety of once-daily oral orforglipron compared with oral semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes (ACHIEVE-3) Risk factors for the development of food allergy in infants and children Sodium, potassium and blood pressure in Australian schoolchildren: exploring differences by sex and weight status — a cross-sectional study Risk-Based vs Annual Breast Cancer Screening: The WISDOM Randomized Clinical Trial

We know many people are turning to generative AI for health advice, including tips on how to manage stress, anxiety and low mood.  When is it safe to turn to a chatbot, and when do you need to see a real human being? And what if you can't afford it? Also, a home review program that aims to get people off drugs they don't need to be on that might be negatively impacting their lives.  And good news when it comes to Australia's goal to eliminate cervical cancer by 2035.  References: Uptake and performance of self-collection offered through primary care to all eligible participants in a national cervical screening programme in Australia: a retrospective cohort study Extended follow-up of invasive cervical cancer risk after quadrivalent HPV vaccination: nationwide, register based study Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Cancer Mortality Among Cancer Survivors Informed use of AI technologies for mental health AI and mental health in Australia: what needs to happen next - Black Dog Institute Pharmacists call for medicine review program to be expanded - ABC News The effect of deprescribing interventions on mortality and health outcomes in older people: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

A paper has suggested exercise has minimal, short-term effects on osteoarthritis. But experts are warning people with the condition that they shouldn't stop moving.  Also, school kids are being called on to help in the fight against superbugs. A new study shoots down low-dose aspirin for older people wanting to prevent cancer.  And we take a look at another form of arthritis: gout. It's under-recognised and under-treated, but what can be done about it, and why is it such a complicated story? References: Menopausal hormone therapy and long term mortality: nationwide, register based cohort study Sixth Australian report on antimicrobial use and resistance in human health (AURA report) Education and Behaviour Change - The Fleming Initiative's Stance Intermittent fasting for adults with overweight or obesity Effectiveness of exercise therapy for osteoarthritis: an overview of systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials Cancer Incidence and Mortality With Aspirin in Older Adults: Follow-Up of the ASPREE Trial The effects of daily low-dose aspirin on white matter hyperintensity lesions and retinal vascular calibre in healthy older adults: the ENVIS-ion exploratory neuroimaging substudy of the ASPREE randomised clinical trial  Treat-to-Target Urate-Lowering Treatment and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Gout Arthritis Australia gout resources Gout Medcast resources

Researchers have pin-pointed the best exercise routines for depression or anxiety symptoms, and they might be equal to medication and talk therapy. Also, why states and territories are making changes to their maternity care guidance for doctors.  An update on Alzheimer's disease off the back of important vaccine discoveries. Why the packaging of statins might need an upgrade. And some clarity on beta blockers after a heart attack. Does everyone need to be taking them? References: Valacyclovir Treatment of Early Symptomatic Alzheimer Disease: The VALAD Randomized Clinical Trial Assessment of adverse effects attributed to statin therapy in product labels: a meta-analysis of double-blind randomised controlled trials Nutritional deficiencies and muscle loss in adults with type 2 diabetes using GLP-1 receptor agonists: A retrospective observational study Effect of exercise on depression and anxiety symptoms: systematic umbrella review with meta-meta-analysis Respectful Maternity and Newborn Care Framework β blockers after myocardial infarction with mildly reduced ejection fraction: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials Beta-Blockers after Myocardial Infarction in Patients without Heart Failure Beta-Blockers after Myocardial Infarction without Reduced Ejection Fraction

When you pay for private health insurance, you might assume you'll be well covered if you get injured or fall ill.  But a new report has revealed the huge costs that catch people off guard, and sometimes prevent them from receiving care.  Also, a study hints that constant colds in childhood might not be business-as-usual and should be taken more seriously.  And we talk through the Nipah virus outbreak in India, and changes in Victoria to ADHD medication prescribing. References:  Nipah and Hendra Viruses: Deadly Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses with the Potential to Cause the Next Pandemic - PMC Urgent ADHD Top-Up Prescriptions Even Easier And Cheaper Restoring affordable access to specialist care in Australia Burden of Infections in Early Life and Risk of Infections and Systemic Antibiotics Use in Childhood

Many people turning to AI for health advice are doing it for valid reasons — it's cheap, fast and isn't bound by a 15-minute timer.  But the checks and balances companies use to ensure their products are safe, or even accurate, aren't open to public scrutiny. Also on the show, medical abortion is available up to nine weeks in Australia. There's a push to allow access later.  And the much-maligned fat cell gets a look-in from a world-leading expert. References First step towards a national medicines record National medicines database promised after telehealth 'doctor-shopping' leads to overdose Uptake of Shingrix vaccine in its first year on the National Immunisation Program: an analysis of Australian Immunisation Register data Cannabis‐based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults Safety and efficacy of early medical abortion at home between 10+0 and 11+6 weeks' gestation: a retrospective review

If you're having a month off the beers to kick off the year, do you know what a short stretch of sobriety could achieve? Some companies in the United States are even pushing people to trade their alcohol for THC, for "high" January.  Also, there hasn't been a big COVID spike over the holidays, but the flu has been going around.  People aren't accessing palliative care early enough to reap the benefits, but are there enough services to go around? And a study finds women notified of their breast density are often confused and anxious about what to do next.  References: NSW respiratory surveillance Senior CDC official: Loss of measles elimination status in U.S. would be ‘cost of doing business’ Prenatal paracetamol exposure and child neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis Alcohol consumption and mortality from four alcohol-related cancers in Australia 1950-2018: a time series analysis Early Palliative Care and Quality of End-of-Life Care for People With Terminal Cancer, Victoria, 2018–2023: A Retrospective, Population-Based Cohort Study Impact of population based breast density notification: multisite parallel arm randomised controlled trial in BreastScreen

How far would you go to save your dog? One owner has used ChatGPT and other AI models to find a treatment for his pup's cancer.  Also, we could be missing cases of liver disease because of differences between pathology centres.  The final instalment of Stroke of Luck, a series on the experience of having a stroke and the recovery process.  And a look back at the year: does artificial intelligence have a place in your local doctors' office? References What AI scribes can (and can't) do for healthcare - the Health Report Paul is using AI to fight his dog's incurable cancer - UNSW

People with osteoarthritis used to be told to take it easy and avoid overdoing exercise. But the advice has changed drastically.  Also, should everyone going onto GLP-1 medications for weight loss be screened and monitored for eating disorders?  Another instalment of Stroke of Luck, a series on the experience of having a stroke and the recovery process.  And a look back at the year: Robert F. Kennedy Jr and his hyperfixation on autism as an epidemic.  References Trump links paracetamol to autism, urges parents to delay vaccines The EPIPHA-KNEE trial: Explaining Pain to target unhelpful pain beliefs to Increase PHysical Activity in KNEE osteoarthritis – a protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled trial with clinical- and cost-effectiveness analysis Management of eating disorders for people with higher weight: clinical practice guideline Eating disorder resources: The Butterfly Foundation on 1800 33 4673 or webchat. Eating Disorders Foundation Victoria Eating Disorders Families Australia — 1300 195 626 Professionals Credentialed in Eating Disorders Lifeline on 13 11 14 Kids Helpline on 1800 551 800

Anxiety can manifest in an excessive worry about your health, and it can be debilitating. But there are effective treatments.  Also, antidepressants can be difficult to come off because of the withdrawal symptoms. An expert highlights the need to better educate patients and doctors on deprescribing.  Another instalment of Stroke of Luck, a series on the experience of having a stroke and the recovery process.  And a look back at the year: infectious diseases.  References Why the US measles outbreak is so concerning How Australia's measles vaccine coverage compares to the US Antidepressant prescribing in Australian primary care: time to reevaluate RELEASE information and resources Health anxiety information and workbook Health anxiety in Australia: prevalence, comorbidity, disability and service use | The British Journal of Psychiatry The global economic burden of health anxiety/hypochondriasis- a systematic review Increase in the prevalence of health anxiety in medical clinics: Possible cyberchondria Cognitive behavior therapy for health anxiety: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and health economic outcomes A clinician’s quick guide to evidence-based approaches: health anxiety

There's a paradox in neurodegenerative disease  – sometimes as the brain deteriorates, creativity flourishes. Researchers have used imaging techniques to map creativity in the brains of people with Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. Also, the exercise program that could change the game for colorectal cancer survivors.  And a look back at the year: GLP-1 medications for weight loss.  References Answering common questions about GLP-1s for weight loss Weight loss drugs could help people with schizophrenia GLP-1s and eating disorders — what are the risks? Structured Exercise after Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer - NEJM  Mapping Neuroimaging Findings of Creativity and Brain Disease Onto a Common Brain Circuit

Substituting your table salt for something with lower sodium could drive down your risk of heart attack and stroke.  Also, what expectant parents might not know about screening for genetic diseases before conceiving.  Artificial intelligence (AI) could soon be used to help predict decisions a person might make at the end of life.  And a look back at the year: Make America Health Again.  References Salt Substitution and Recurrent Stroke and Death: A Randomized Clinical Trial Mackenzie's Mission Nationwide, Couple-Based Genetic Carrier Screening - NEJM Unlocking the secrets of your DNA - the Health Report Can Artificial Intelligence Speak for Incapacitated Patients at the End of Life? Should artificial intelligence guide surrogate decisions in healthcare? - Journal of Medical Ethics blog A Personalized Patient Preference Predictor for Substituted Judgments in Healthcare: Technically Feasible and Ethically Desirable

Despite facing an increased risk of chronic disease later in life, remote Indigenous babies start life with a more diverse gut microbiome.  A new study in Nature also found the infants have bacteria that have completely disappeared from non-Indigenous populations.  Also, a guide to living healthy after a fatty liver disease diagnosis. And why fewer people are getting the HPV vaccine.  References Eating For Your Liver - Liver Foundation 2025 Cervical Cancer Elimination Progress Report Indigenous infants in remote Australia retain an ancestral gut microbiome despite encroaching Westernization

Historically women have had a hard time being heard in the doctor's office, with dismissiveness and delays in diagnosis all too common.  The state government in Victoria has held an enquiry into women's pain to come up with recommendations aimed at shifting that experience to a more positive one.  Also, we get a better sense of what's nature vs nurture when it comes to our attributes and our disease risks.  And research suggests antibiotics, and their effects on the gut microbiome, could weaken vaccine response.  References The effect of shingles vaccination at different stages of the dementia disease course  WHO issues global guideline on the use of GLP-1 medicines in treating obesity  Product warnings updated for GLP-1 RA class - TGA  Inquiry into Women's Pain - Victorian Government Govt backs green whistle during IUD insertion in response to women’s pain inquiry Estimation and mapping of the missing heritability of human phenotypes Bifidobacteria support optimal infant vaccine responses - Nature Antibiotics-Driven Gut Microbiome Perturbation Alters Immunity to Vaccines in Humans The Antibiotics and Vaccine Immune Responses Study (AVIRS) – people must be in Adelaide to participate!

The dentists' chair is not everyone's favourite place. Have you ever sat there wondering, why would anyone become a dentist? We take a trip to dental school to find out why so many people get into dentistry, and the skills it takes.  Also, are we doing enough to weigh up the risks vs benefits of CT scanning?  And how an autoimmune skin condition actually affects the whole body, particularly the heart. References: Stronger safety controls to be introduced for products containing vitamin B6 - TGA Bird flu confirmed in elephant seal population at Heard Island Decades of data missing: Metastatic breast cancer cases double previous estimates Projected Lifetime Cancer Risks From Current Computed Tomography Imaging Study on current CT scanning practices and the incidence of future cancers Mediterranean Diet and Patients With Psoriasis: The MEDIPSO Randomized Clinical Trial

No coffee for six months, not even decaf. That's what participants of a trial looking into the effect on atrial fibrillation were asked to do. Also, could we be on the verge of changing guidelines for asthma care in children? Or is it too early to call? And catching cancer early can be important. How far away are we from harnessing blood, urine and even saliva tests to help? References PFAS inquiry hands down 47 recommendations to better regulate 'forever chemicals' in Australia - ABC News  The Lancet series on ultra-processed foods Orforglipron, an oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist, for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (ATTAIN-2): a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial Caffeinated Coffee Consumption or Abstinence to Reduce Atrial Fibrillation: The DECAF Randomized Clinical Trial Budesonide–formoterol versus salbutamol as reliever therapy in children with mild asthma (CARE): a 52-week, open-label, multicentre, superiority, randomised controlled trial

There has been a rise in people that cut gluten out of their diet to address gut symptoms, despite not having a diagnosis of coeliac disease.  New research is shedding light on what might actually be at play in non-coeliac gluten sensitivity.  Also, how a common antibiotic might lower the risk of developing schizophrenia when given to young people at risk.  And a look at the cancer prevention strategies that could have a big impact, but that most countries aren't taking on board.  References Government expenditure on public health activities in Australia 2023–24 - AIHW Global prevalence of hypertension among children and adolescents aged 19 years or younger: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis Non-coeliac gluten sensitivity - the Lancet Global prevalence of self-reported non-coeliac gluten and wheat sensitivity: a systematic review and metaanalysis Doxycycline Use in Adolescent Psychiatric Patients and Risk of Schizophrenia: An Emulated Target Trial Cancers attributable to alcohol - IARC Alcohol: a major preventable cause of cancer (IARC Evidence Summary Brief No. 6)

If you live with chronic pain, getting referred to a psychologist for pain management can feel like another dismissal.  What does a session with a pain psychologist look like, and how effective can it be if you don't have any mental health diagnoses? Also, some practical information for parents introducing allergens to their babies. And how the nervous system might inadvertently be fuelling gastrointestinal cancers.  References Deaths due to acute respiratory infections in Australia - ABS Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of 3-Year-Old Children Exposed to Maternal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Utero Pain Management Network Pain Management and Research Centre - patient information Management of Chronic Pain - for health professionals OPEN pain training - for health professionals Nip allergies in the bub The impact of reversing peanut allergy advice Are allergen starter packs safe? Sensory neuropeptide CGRP and its co-receptor RAMP1 drive tumour cell growth in gastrointestinal cancers

For 50 years we've known pulse oximeters are less accurate on darker skin, and it could lead to misdiagnoses.  Also, allergen starter packs are being advertised to parents. Are they safe? Guidelines have been released for male infertility care so men aren't left out.  And joint replacements don't last forever, but there are ways to extend their life. References Guidelines for the management of male infertility - Healthy Male Data Resource Profile: The Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) Novel Hypoglossal Stimulation Markedly Improves Airflow and Airway Collapsibility in OSA Racial Bias in Pulse Oximetry Measurement - NEJM Find a clinical trial

It's a tricky conversation to navigate, so researchers have tried to find out the best way to bring up weight in the doctor's office while dodging bias and stigma. Also, a look at the evidence surrounding transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for depression.  The international effort to improve survival from pancreatic cancer. And how a change in guidelines spared tens of thousands of children from peanut allergy.  References Guidelines for Early Food Introduction and Patterns of Food Allergy New systematic review and meta-analysis shows an association between shingles vaccination and lower risk of heart attack and stroke  Shingles (herpes zoster) vaccine - who should get vaccinated? Supporting weight focused discussions in primary care: A qualitative exploration of barriers and facilitators Discussing Weight with Patients in Primary Care in Australia: A Mixed Methods Experimental Study TGA approves new brain stimulation device for treatment of depression - ABC News The Australian Pancreatic High-RIsk ScrEening (APRISE) Study The Pancreatic Cancer Early Detection (PRECEDE) Consortium

Gene editing holds huge promise to cure disease and alleviate human suffering, but there are many ethical considerations when it comes to changing our DNA.  We map the story of Chinese scientist He Jiankui who was jailed for altering the genome of babies without proper consent.  Also, we take a look at the common skin condition rosacea and what treatments are available. And some changes to blood test results mean you could see them before your doctor.  References Global antibiotic resistance surveillance report – World Health Organization  New test categories available for faster access on My Health Record

Endometriosis is a complex condition, and the pain associated with it can persist despite medications and surgery. New guidelines have suggested lifestyle changes like diet or supplements could work for some.  Also, what you can do in your 40s to prevent heart failure later on. And anal cancer is rare but might be going under people's radar. Who should be screened? References Assessment of malnutrition in preschool-aged children by mid-upper arm circumference in the Gaza Strip (January, 2024–August, 2025): a longitudinal, cross-sectional, surveillance study Testimony, advocacy, and the public health effect of genocide Health of the Nation report - RACGP Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Australian Living Evidence Guideline: Endometriosis - The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists  Cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic health: an actionable vision for heart failure prevention - the Lancet Anal Cancer Screening Guidelines

Daylight saving time kicks in this weekend for New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory. Time shifts can be controversial, and in recent years there's been research into the effects on our health. One study has looked into the incidence of strokes and obesity.  Also, why experts want to change the name of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and we take a tour of the Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness.  References: Draft National Health and Medical Research Strategy - NHMRC Safety concerns over imported melatonin products - TGA Retraction: Apple cider vinegar for weight management in lebanese adolescents and young adults with overweight and obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study Circadian-informed modeling predicts regional variation in obesity and stroke outcomes under different permanent US time policies Polycystic ovary syndrome perspectives from patients and health professionals on clinical features, current name, and renaming: a longitudinal international online survey - the Lancet Inside the Australian lab where scientists study bird flu and other emerging disease threats - ABC News Dynamic Balnce for Life A Judo-Based Exercise Program to Reduce Falls and Frailty Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Feasibility Study

US President Donald Trump has told women they shouldn't take paracetamol (also known as Tylenol or acetaminophen) during pregnancy because it has been linked to autism.  We unpack the evidence with experts — where has this claim come from? Have we really found a treatment for autism spectrum disorder? And what are the dangers of taking health advice from Trump? Also, an unexpected result from a study looking into whether a yoga exercise program could prevent falls in older adults.

Trump has suggested there's a link between pregnant women taking paracetamol and autism in children.  In a press conference Trump said pregnant women with fevers should "tough it out".

A major change has been made to Australia's asthma guidelines, but how long will it take everyone to catch on? Also, we know daily aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease isn't beneficial, but a new study shows there might be risks.  And should the one-time blood test for lipoprotein(a) be free for everyone? References: National Climate Risk Assessment | Australian Climate Service Underestimating heat-related mortality—a comparison of excess mortality and death record studies for Australia - The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific More evidence climate change is bad for our hearts - ABC listen  Medical Imaging and Pediatric and Adolescent Hematologic Cancer Risk | New England Journal of Medicine Ig Nobel Prizes celebrate pizza-eating lizards, drunk bats and garlic-flavoured breast milk - ABC News Aspirin, cardiovascular events, and major bleeding in older adults: extended follow-up of the ASPREE trial Lp(a) testing for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in high-income countries: a cost-effectiveness analysis Australian Asthma Handbook

The way we get information has changed, and when it comes to health and wellness more and more people are turning to social media.  There are pros and cons, but when it comes to something as important as birth control, there's a price to pay for taking guidance from influencers.  Also on the show, why parent-focused programs haven't been working to tackle obesity in toddlers. And a story about the benefits of withdrawing medication, rather than starting it.  References Alcohol and Cancer Risk - JAMA Insights Review of Evidence on Alcohol and Health - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine GLP-1 RAs and Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes by Body Mass Index in Type 2 Diabetes  Incidence of GLP‐1 receptor agonist use by women of reproductive age attending general practices in Australia, 2011–2022: a retrospective open cohort study Joint statement on professional responsibilities for prescribing and dispensing medicines - AHPRA Parent-focused behavioural interventions for the prevention of early childhood obesity (TOPCHILD): a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis “Do You Know What Birth Control Actually Does to Your Body?”: Assessing Contraceptive Information on TikTok Withdrawal of heart failure therapy after atrial fibrillation rhythm control with ejection fraction normalization: the WITHDRAW-AF trial

Researchers have tricked participants with placebo pain relief in an effort to map the brainstem.  Also, how immunotherapy might be used to treat mental health conditions in some young people.  And delays in diagnosing frontotemporal dementia means some people are missing out on important care.  References Answering common questions about GLP-1s for weight loss GLP-1s and eating disorders — what are the risks? A Case Series of Young People Receiving Adjunctive Immunotherapy for Neuroimmune-Mediated Major Mood or Psychotic Syndromes Fourteen years later: Reviewing the diagnostic criteria for behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia Somatotopic organization of brainstem analgesic circuitry A radical new way to treat low back pain - ABC listen You can listen to more episodes of the Health Report podcast with presenters Dr Norman Swan and Dr Preeya Alexander on the ABC Listen app (Australia) or wherever you get your podcasts. Covering topics like Trump’s policy changes to the growing trend of young people being diagnosed with cancer, we bring you the latest in health and medical news.

Lots of people develop a daily skincare routine for anti-ageing purposes, but what if there are benefits from starting even earlier — at just nine weeks old? Also, a discussion in the United States about SSRI antidepressants in pregnancy has caused lots of anxiety. We talk through the risks versus the benefits.  And a common drug used to treat everything from nerves to heart conditions could show promise in stopping the spread of triple negative breast cancer.  References Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC) Meeting Outcomes - July 2025 Allostatic Load and Racial and Rural Disparities in Breast Cancer Survival | Oncology | JAMA Network Open | JAMA Network Structured vs Self-Guided Multidomain Lifestyle Interventions for Global Cognitive Function Emollients to Prevent Pediatric Eczema: A Randomized Clinical Trial Paternal Depression as a Risk Factor for Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Offspring: Implications for Maternal Depression and Its Treatment During Pregnancy Association Between Serotonergic Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children Hox-C12 coordinates β2-adrenoceptor coupling to a cAMP/calcium feedforward loop to drive invasion in triple-negative breast cancer Australian Physiotherapy Association You can listen to more episodes of the Health Report podcast with presenters Dr Norman Swan and Dr Preeya Alexander on the ABC Listen app (Australia) or wherever you get your podcasts. Covering topics like Trump’s policy changes to the growing trend of young people being diagnosed with cancer, we bring you the latest in health and medical news.

Cognitive Functional Therapy can help relieve low back pain, and shows some positive long-term results. Ovarian cancer doesn't start in the ovaries, but in the fallopian tubes, and opportunistic surgery could prevent it. And is your gut microbiome responsible for your insomnia or is your insomnia changing your microbiome?

Dietary guidelines tell us what we should eat for good health, but at the moment it is possible to follow the guidelines and still eat predominantly ultraprocessed foods.  A new study has looked at the impact this has on your health, and compared it to a minimally processed diet chock full of whole foods.  Also, there are calls to change the criteria for diagnosing perimenopause. And the benefits of psilocybin for depression might have been overstated.

If you reach for a no-sugar drink, thinking you're making a wise choice, you might need to think again.  A new study suggests artificially sweetened drinks carry a similar type 2 diabetes risk to sugar sweetened beverages.  Also, loneliness is a growing public health issue, especially among younger people. What can we do to address it? And gynaecological cancer survivors are flipping the script, teaching health professionals.

There are ways to rejuvenate old memories, but a new study has compared the process to the myth of Sisyphus, who was cursed to repeatedly roll a stone up a hill.  Also on the show, many doctors are already using artificial intelligence to help take notes. But are patients always aware these AI scribes are in the room? The emergence of vaping has slowed our progress when it comes to smoking cessation.  And looking at a sick person might activate your immune system, getting it ready to fight off infection.

Just like human children, young bats have been found to harbour and spread lots of viruses.  Their susceptibility to contracting multiple viruses at once makes them the perfect breeding ground for new disease variants.  Also, we take a look at a study that seemed to show private hospital were better than public hospitals for childbirth. Is it that simple? And a survey of people with chronic conditions shows where Australia is ahead, and where we need to improve.

Five risk factors explain 50 per cent of cardiovascular risk at age 50, according to a new study.  Addressing those risk factors can add years to your life, even if you address them in middle age.  Also, the UK demonstrates a cutting edge IVF technique is effective at avoiding mitchondrial disease.  ADHD treatment has real world positives, but the effects are lessening as more people get diagnosed.  And an update on how RSV vaccination in pregnant women is going, five months into the program.

The human exposome is the environmental equivalent of the human genome, and there's a project in the works to map it.  It's a huge project that needs to take into account our lifestyles, cultures, economics and politics. Essentially, everything but our genome.  Also, a concerning disparity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians when it comes to kidney transplants.  And a small risk comes to light in relation to GLP-1s used for diabetes and weight loss.  References Guidance on medicinal cannabis prescribing targets unsafe practice - AHPRA GLP-1 Drugs Linked to Higher Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Am I on the list? Clinician‐reported factors for kidney transplantation non‐waitlisting among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with kidney failure: a cross‐sectional study The Human Exposome Project Generation Cancer - 4Corners Mapping the chemical complexity of plastics - Nature

Immunotherapy uses the body's immune system to fight cancer. In blood cancer, a revolutionary t-cell therapy has cured patients and could show promise in solid tumours.  In bladder cancer, the tuberculosis vaccine is infused to treat non-invasive cancer. However a shortage of BCG means researchers are having to test out other methods.  Also, is Australia on the front foot when it comes to type 2 diabetes treatment? And what does copper in the brain have to do with Parkinson's disease?

In the burgeoning field of artificial intelligence, it can sometimes feel like the answer to everything is right around the corner.  A dog owner is testing this with the help of super-computing, to try and find another treatment for his dog's cancer.  Also, the national lung cancer screening program is about to begin. Who is eligible, and is the healthcare system prepared? And with syphilis cases rising in the community, there are implications for expectant mothers.

Hyenas and vultures play a role in driving down the risk of disease outbreaks, but their decline due to human behaviour is putting our health in danger. Also, we discuss Lifeblood's changes which bring down some of the barriers facing gay and bisexual men, and transgender women, who'd like to donate blood or plasma.  Pain education could help people with osteoarthritis get the most out of exercise programs — and even walk the Camino.  Plus there's a push to extend genetic carrier screening to cover dozens more conditions.

There are concerns people are getting their hands on medicinal cannabis to treat conditions where there's very little evidence of benefit — and the possibility of harm.  Also, why weight loss drugs could improve treatment for people with schizophrenia. The full breadth of corporate ownership of radiology clinics is revealed.  And what questions need to be asked with IVF in the spotlight, as Monash IVF deals with the fallout from a second bungled embryo transfer. References: Medicinal cannabis prescribing practices under scrutiny after scripts issued 'every 4 minutes' - ABC News ‘Infuriating and dangerous’: Psychiatrist tries and fails to speak with his patients’ medicinal cannabis prescribers - AusDoc. Efficacy and safety of semaglutide versus placebo for people with schizophrenia on clozapine with obesity (COaST): a phase 2, multi-centre, participant and investigator- blinded, randomised controlled trial in Australia Corporatisation and ownership concentration in diagnostic imaging: an audit of Australian practices

A structured exercise program has increased survival in people with colon cancer after they've undergone surgery and chemotherapy.  Also, a common genetic variant could double the risk of dementia in men — if they receive two doses of the mutation.  We provide an update on the flu, COVID and RSV circulating the community. And a study bringing together millions of lab tests has found is take a lot longer for the body to bounce back from pregnancy than commonly thought.  References: Measles Seroprevalence in Infants Under 9 Months of Age in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Gene–Environment Interaction Affects Risk of Atopic Eczema: Population and In Vitro Studies Structured Exercise after Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer - NEJM  Haemochromatosis Genotypes and Incident Dementia in a Prospective Study of Older Adults Pregnancy and postpartum dynamics revealed by millions of lab tests - ScienceAdvances al issues from social, scientific and political points of view.

Our cognitive ability changes throughout our lives, but what happens when we're young can determine our intelligence in adulthood — especially if we don't do anything to bolster it.   Also, NSW follows other states in allowing GPs and diagnose and treat ADHD. There are updated guidelines for the treatment of osteoporosis.  And when you go into remission from cancer, you usually undergo regular tests to make sure it hasn't returned. But does the evidence support this is beneficial, or simply a cause for anxiety?

If you've come across ads of Norman pushing a product for you to buy — no you haven't.  These ads are actually deepfake scams using an AI Norman to sell unproven supplements.  Also, why a new Alzheimer's drug coming onto the market might not become cheap enough for most people to take.  A breakthrough in gene-editing could push us closer to a future full of CRISPR treatments. And why eight hours a night might not be the magic number for sleep.

Gut health is more complicated than social media influencers might have you believe.  It can be impacted by diet, exercise, the medications you take, the colds you catch. And any one of these factors can lead to irritable bowel syndrome.  Also, an overlooked allergy that starts with a tick bite. And the barriers people face who are suffering iron deficiency and its often overwhelming symptoms.

It's a common sleep disorder that can have knock-on effects on your cardiovascular and overall metabolic health.  But sleep apnea doesn't always present how people think, especially in women.  Also, we take a look at Labor's health promises as they start their second term in government.  New guidelines have been developed to improve care in early pregnancy loss.  And one in seven Australians is on an antidepressant, in some cases simply because it can be so hard to come off them.

The immune system seems to respond faster, and better, when you get a booster vaccine in the same arm as your initial vaccine.  Also, your GP might miss something going wrong with your liver because of the way pathology labs report blood test results.  And a common type 2 diabetes drug, metformin, could be used to treat knee osteoarthritis — and delay knee replacements.

When you can't make medical decisions for yourself, it's often the responsibility of a loved one, or sometimes a doctor who doesn't know you at all.  Some researchers are suggesting artificial intelligence could be trained to know your wishes and be another voice in the room when making decisions.  Also, it can take up to 95 per cent vaccine coverage to protect against measles outbreaks. How's Australia doing? And curing cancer can take a toll. Is there a way to adjust treatment protocols to drive down the risk of long-term side effects?

In Australia, we've already seen more cases of measles this year than we saw during the whole of 2024.  It's believed misinformation is to blame, leading to vaccine hesitancy and exposing the community to a highly infectious virus.  Also, we take a look at draft guidelines for prostate cancer. Why a 'minor' stroke isn't very minor. And new evidence looking into the metabolic effects of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Australia has been at the forefront of research into how what we eat affects our mental health.  What do we know so far, and what are some small changes you can make to see improvements? Also, the doctors strike in NSW continues a much-needed conversation about conditions in the public health system.  And hoping to find out your risk of heart attack and stroke? This is where to start.

Quitting smoking can be tough, and for many women who've fallen pregnant their only option has been to go cold turkey.  Researchers are trying to figure out whether medications to help are safe for mum and bub.  Also, a condition that causes breathlessness that's often mistaken for asthma. These are the symptoms of vocal cord dysfunction.  And a study suggests we've been majorly underestimating the burden of diabetes in Australia.

A study of people with neurodegenerative disease has discovered that bursts of creativity can happen when the brain is shutting down.  Also, there's a lot of misinformation out there about back pain and how to treat it. Here's where the evidence isn't.  And the questions women should ask before undergoing vaginal surgery if their sexual function is important to them.

A new resource has launched to provide information to the millions of Australians living with osteoarthritis.  It pushes back against the idea that an injection or surgery will fix all your woes when it comes to this degenerative disease.  Also, what climate change is doing to our hearts, and how a simple check in at school is helping students manage their mental health.

What used to be called hypochondria is now health anxiety — an excessive worry about developing a serious illness.  While experiences of health anxiety vary, for some people it can take over their lives and even lead to physical symptoms.  Also, a link between conditions like endometriosis and heart disease.  And local scientists help make a big discovery about how cells recycle waste.

When you have dementia, being diagnosed early can help you and your loved ones manage the condition. It could also aid in treatment. A new study has found that in some cases, weight loss and lipid changes happened up to a decade before dementia was diagnosed. Also, concerns that people of a higher weight with restrictive eating disorders could access GLP-1s if doctors aren’t screening patients appropriately. And why type 1 diabetes is more commonly being diagnosed in adults, not just children and adolescents.

On social media, an influencer's job is to influence you — to get you to strive for a particular lifestyle or buy a specific product.  In some cases they're pushing medical tests, telling people to take charge of their health with full body MRI scans and cancer detection tools that have very little, or no evidence to support them. Also, we take a comprehensive look at GLP-1s like Ozempic and Wegovy for weight loss. And who should be substituting table salt for potassium salt?

Victoria is starting to notify women when they have dense breasts on their mammogram, following Western Australia and South Australia.  So what does this information mean? And what should you be doing with it? Also, the concerning state of health policy in the United States. A correction on adolescent mental health. And what western medicine can learn from First Nations communities about autonomy and traditional living.

Australia has been highlighted in an international report on the rising incidence of bowel cancer in young people.  Our screening age was dropped last year to 45, however the overall uptake of bowel cancer screening remains at about 40 per cent.  Also, a private hospital opening in Melbourne is promising to cut the cost to its patients down to zero.  And what can be done to prevent depression and anxiety in adolescents?

There's a shortage of eggs in Australia, and it might not let up as we brace for the arrival of the H5N1 strain of bird flu.  That strain has shown is can make the jump into humans. But how does it manage? Also, menopause hormone therapy is in high demand. What are the benefits and the risks? And with kids spending less time outside, short-sightedness is on the rise. But treatments are improving.

There are some things you can do to guard against cognitive decline, and a study has found a hands-on approach is best.  Also, rates of vaccination in pregnancy are falling in New South Wales.  Should Australia follow Italy's lead and screen everyone for coeliac disease? And we hear from two friends who've had strokes 20 years apart.

Kylie and Gillian had been friends for years when Kylie had a stroke in her early 30s.  It turned Kylie's work-driven life upside down, and forced her and husband Chris to re-evaluate everything.

When Gillian suffered a stroke at age 50, Kylie was one of the first friends she reached out to.  It wasn't Gillian's first life-altering medical emergency, having gone through cancer treatment years earlier.

Despite their strokes being 20 years apart, Kylie and Gillian were left with similar disabilities.  Both faced a long and often gruelling period of rehabilitation — thankfully with partners and friends by their sides.

When Kylie had her stroke, the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) didn't exist.  It took Gillian's stroke, 20 years later, for Kylie to fully understand how much support she was missing out on.

For a long time many have assumed they can tell how healthy a person is because of their weight. Now, a major global collaboration of experts is challenging that.  A Lancet commission has recommended changing the criteria for clinical obesity to move away from BMI as a sole measure of health.  Also, why a recent review into fluoride in drinking water is flawed — and a higher quality study done in our own backyard.  And how a genetic study of depression could unlock new treatments for people who are struggling to find medications that work.

We try to give little kids the best start in life, and in supermarkets there's an ever-expanding range of foods marketed specifically for them But how much sugar is in them? Plus, we peer into the evidence around ultra-processed foods. References: Ultra-processed foods are ‘pushing aside’ all other food groups to dominate global diets Science Extra: Weight of the world

Bras might seem unrelated to knee injuries, but research suggests otherwise. Women are significantly more prone to tearing their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and wearing the right bra could help reduce this risk. It's a good thing because knee injuries can have devastating consequences for women's health and mobility. And why vaping become one of the biggest health issues of 2024.

The first 2,000 days of life are crucial for brain development. Children learn and grow more during this time than at any other point in their lives. However, research shows many childcare centres are failing to provide proper nutrition: children are going hungry, and meals often don't meet basic dietary standards. Experts are calling for better food support in disadvantaged areas and improved nutritional guidelines for early childhood centres to help children get the nourishment they need.

Scientists are increasingly concerned about the rising incidence of colorectal cancer among younger populations, and emerging research points to the gut microbiome as a key factor in understanding this trend. A study from the University of Melbourne uncovered a specific bacterial strain that can cause DNA damage, potentially triggering the development of colorectal cancer.

Many individuals with knee osteoarthritis are being subjected to unnecessary tests and procedures, even though exercise is often the most effective treatment. New clinical care guidelines have been introduced, highlighting the importance of non-surgical approaches to manage pain and improve mobility. And do you ever worry you spend too much time sitting around? Well now you can find out. An international team of researchers has unpacked how long you should sit, stand, sleep and exercise for optimal health. References: Osteoarthritis of the Knee Clinical Care Standard Associations of 24 h time-use compositions of sitting, standing, physical activity and sleeping with optimal cardiometabolic risk and glycaemic control: The Maastricht Study

Performance and image-enhancing drugs are more common than you might expect, especially if you're not enmeshed in gym culture.  Experts are worried the medical community has fallen behind the rise in steroid use, leaving users physically and mentally vulnerable.  Also, at-home testing kits promise to diagnose a range of illnesses from vitamin deficiency to cancers. Are they accurate? And motor neurone disease (MND) is affecting more Australians. With the environment likely to blame, researchers are trying to pin down the culprits.

There's already a lot to think about when you're trying to get pregnant. Should plastic be one of them?  Some fertility experts think that yes, cutting down your exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic chemical used to make plastics, could help.  Also, the mission to come up with consistent guidelines for the testing of gestational diabetes. As early as possible, or wait until 24 to 28 weeks? And why rethinking dementia could improve our experiences of the condition.